Applying <strong>the</strong> Science <strong>of</strong> Learning to Multimedia Instruction 107Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (2005). Role <strong>of</strong> guidance, reflection, <strong>and</strong> interactivity in anagent-based multimedia game. Journal <strong>of</strong>EducationalPsychology, 97, 117–128.Moreno, R., Mayer, R. E., Spires, H. A., & Lester, J. C. (2001). The case for social agencyin computer-based teaching: Do students learn more deeply when <strong>the</strong>y interact withanimated pedagogical agents? Cognition <strong>and</strong>Instruction, 19, 177–213.Nass, C., & Brave, S. (2005). Wired for speech: How voice activates <strong>and</strong> advances <strong>the</strong> humancomputerrelationship. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.O’Neil, H. F., Mayer, R. E., Herl, H., Thurman, R., & Olin, K. (2000). Instructionalstrategies for virtual environments. In H. F. O’Neil, <strong>and</strong> D. H. Andrews (Eds.), Aircrafttraining: Methods,technologies, <strong>and</strong>assessment (pp. 105–130). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Paivio, A. (1986). Mentalrepresentations: A dual-coding approach. Oxford, Engl<strong>and</strong>: OxfordUniversity Press.Paivio, A. (2006). Mind<strong>and</strong>itsevolution:Adualcodingapproach.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Pashler, H., Bain, P., Bottage, B., Graesser, A., Koedinger, K., & McDaniel, M., et al.,(2007). Organizing instruction <strong>and</strong> study to improve student <strong>learning</strong>. Washington, DC:National Center for Educational Research, U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Education.Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rowher, D., & Bjork, R. (2009). Learning styles: <strong>Concepts</strong><strong>and</strong> evidence. PsychologicalScience in<strong>the</strong> PublicInterest, 9, 105–119.Pellegrino, J. W., Chudowsky, N, <strong>and</strong> Glaser, R. 2001 (Eds.), Knowingwhatstudentsknow.Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Phye, G. D., Robinson, D. H, <strong>and</strong> Levin, J. 2005 (Eds.), Empirical methods for evaluatingeducationalinterventions. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.Plass, J. L., Moreno, R, <strong>and</strong> Brunken, R. 2010 (Eds.), Cognitive load <strong>the</strong>ory. New York:Cambridge University Press.Ploetzner, R., Fehse, E., Kneser, C., & Spada, H. (1999). Learning to relate qualitative <strong>and</strong>quantitative problem representations in a model-based setting for collaborative problemsolving. Journal<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>LearningSciences, 8, 177–214.Pollock, E., Ch<strong>and</strong>ler, P., & Sweller, J. (2002). Assimilating complex information.Learning<strong>and</strong>Instruction, 12, 61–86.Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). The power <strong>of</strong> testing memory: Basic research<strong>and</strong> implications for educational practice. PerspectivesonPsychologicalScience, 1, 181–210.Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts<strong>and</strong>e¡ectsizesinbehavioralresearch.New York: Cambridge University Press.Roy, M., & Chi, M. T. H. (2005). The self-explanation principle in multimedia<strong>learning</strong>. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge h<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> multimedia <strong>learning</strong>(pp. 271–286). New York: Cambridge University Press.Sadoski, M., & Paivio, A. (2001). Imagery<strong>and</strong> text: A dualcoding <strong>the</strong>ory<strong>of</strong>reading<strong>and</strong> writing.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Sanchez, C. A., & Wiley, J. (2006). An examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seductive details effect in terms<strong>of</strong> working memory capacity. Memory& Cognition, 34, 344–355.Schwamborn, A., Mayer, R. E., Thillmann, H., Leopold, C., & Leutner, D. (2010).Drawing as a generative activity <strong>and</strong> drawing as a prognostic activity. Journal <strong>of</strong>EducationalPsychology, 102, 872–879.Shavelson, R. J, <strong>and</strong> Towne, L. 2002 (Eds.), Scienti¢c research in education. Washington,DC: National Academy Press.Stokes, D. E. (1997). Pasteur’squadrant:Basicscience<strong>and</strong>technologicalinnovation.Washington,DC: Brookings Institution Press.Stull, A., & Mayer, R. E. (2007). Learning by doing versus <strong>learning</strong> by viewing: Threeexperimental comparisons <strong>of</strong> learner-generated versus author-provided graphic organizers.Journal<strong>of</strong> EducationalPsychology, 99, 808–820.
108 Richard E. MayerSweller, J. (1999). Instructional design in technical areas. Camberwell, Australia: ACERPress.Sweller, J. (2005a). Implications <strong>of</strong> cognitive load <strong>the</strong>ory for multimedia <strong>learning</strong>. In R. E.Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge h<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> multimedia <strong>learning</strong> (pp. 19–30). New York:Cambridge University Press.Sweller, J. (2005b). The redundancy principle in multimedia <strong>learning</strong>. In R. E. Mayer(Ed.), The Cambridge h<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> multimedia <strong>learning</strong> (pp. 159–168). New York:Cambridge University Press.Tabbers, T. K., Martens, R. L., & van Merrienboer, J. J. G. (2004). Multimedia instructions<strong>and</strong> cognitive load <strong>the</strong>ory: Effects <strong>of</strong> modality <strong>and</strong> cueing. British Journal <strong>of</strong>Educational Psychology, 74, 71–81.Tindall-Ford, S., Ch<strong>and</strong>ler, P., & Sweller, J. (1997). When two sensory modes are betterthan one. Journal <strong>of</strong>ExperimentalPsychology: Applied, 3, 257–287.Wang, N., Johnson, W. L., Mayer, R. E., Rizzo, P., Shaw, E., & Collins, H. (2008). Thepoliteness effect: Pedagogical agents <strong>and</strong> <strong>learning</strong> outcomes. International Journal <strong>of</strong>Human Computer Studies, 66, 96–112.Wentzel, K. R, <strong>and</strong> Wigfield, A. 2009 (Eds.), H<strong>and</strong>book<strong>of</strong> <strong>motivation</strong> at school. New York:Routledge.Wittrock, M. C. (1989). Generative processes <strong>of</strong> comprehension. EducationalPsychologist,24, 345–376.
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viContents3. Science of Multimedia
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xContributorsHenry L. Roediger, III
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xiiPrefaceand there has been much e
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38 John Sweller1. INTRODUCTIONCogni
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40 John Sweller‘‘baby-talk.’
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42 John Swellerof cognitive or meta
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44 John SwellerTable 1Natural Infor
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48 John Swellerreproduction results
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50 John Swellerto mutation, without
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52 John Swellerusing a complex or,
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CHAPTERSIXThere Is Nothing So Pract
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CHAPTERSEVENThe Power of Comparison
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The Power of Comparison in Learning
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CHAPTEREIGHTThe Ubiquitous Patterns
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The Ubiquitous Patterns of Incorrec
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CHAPTERNINEConceptual Problem Solvi
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Conceptual Problem Solving in Physi
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IndexAAcademic performancedrive the
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Index 301Correct method comparison,
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Index 303LLabor in vain, 28Language
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Index 305OOntological categories of
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Index 307WWeb-delivered multimedia
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CONTENTS OF RECENT VOLUMESVolume 40
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Contents of Recent Volumes 311Under
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Contents of Recent Volumes 313Volum