Evaluation of Septic Tank and Subsurface Wetland for

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Five septic tank/wetland systems had been built by R2RW in the Great River watershed (see Figure 3-1) at the time of the evaluation, but only two were known to be consistently operating. These two systems were at the Pigsah All Age School in St. Elizabeth Parish and the Retrieve All Age School in St. James Parish, both of which are in the northwestern region of the island. Pisgah is located southeast of Berkshire, and Retrieve is southwest of Cambridge (see Figure 3-2). The three sanitation systems that were not evaluated were at an infrequently used community center and two single-family dwellings. Pisgah Sanitation System Site Description The Pisgah All Age School sanitation system (see Figure 3-3) commenced operation in January 2003 and serves one shift of approximately 205 students five days per week. The septic tanks and wetland treat only black water from the toilets and no gray water. The hand washing station located between the toilets and the school drains to the ground rather than the septic system. There were originally two pit latrine buildings each with four seats. Three pit seats in each building were converted into flush toilets supplied with water from the school’s rainwater harvesting storage tanks. One pit latrine was left in each toilet building for use on those days when piped water is not available. 15
Wetland inlet sample point Flush toilets and one pit Wetland bed in service Unused wetland bed Septic tank inlet sample points Figure 3-3 Schematic of Pisgah sanitation system showing sampling locations. The toilets in the boys’ block flush through 4-inch PVC pipe into a horizontal 880-US gallon (3,326 liter) polyethylene tank 7 feet 3 inches (221cm) long and 4 feet 6 1/2 inches (138cm) in diameter. The 880-gallon tank empties into a vertical 400-gallon (1,512 liter) polyethylene tank 5 feet 6 inches (168cm) tall and 3 foot 8 inches (112cm) in diameter. The wall thicknesses of the 880-gallon and 400-gallon tanks are 7/16 inch (11mm) and 16 Two chamber septic tanks Mid-wetland (effluent) sample point Rainwater storage tanks Overflow manhole Flush toilets and one pit
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Septic Tank and Subsu
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Locally designed wastewate
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgments Major funding was p
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 6 - Costs ……………
Page 9 and 10: Table 5-6 Parameters Influencing Bi
Page 11 and 12: The predominant geological formatio
Page 13 and 14: plants discharging a volume of 20m
Page 15 and 16: lack access to acceptable excreta d
Page 17 and 18: Critical design parameters for sept
Page 19 and 20: Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
Page 21 and 22: inging larger rock from a distant q
Page 23: Chapter 3 - Site Descriptions Figur
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3-4 Pisgah wetland beds befo
Page 29 and 30: times over a two-week period, grew
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-7 Retrieve youth in front
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 4 - Methodology Field Data
Page 35 and 36: out (see Figure 4-2). Locating the
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4-3 Media porosity measureme
Page 39 and 40: Laboratory Water Quality Analysis A
Page 41 and 42: NEPA laboratory also does not test
Page 43 and 44: Since evapotranspiration decreases
Page 45 and 46: The water level in the middle of th
Page 47 and 48: BOD was determined to be 53% at Pis
Page 49 and 50: solids than a sample point that pul
Page 51 and 52: Table 5-4 Ammonia (NH3-N) for Pisga
Page 53 and 54: Table 5-5 Nitrate (NO3-N) for Pisga
Page 55 and 56: o Alkalinity Nitrification and deni
Page 57 and 58: system were measured to be 3.3 mg/l
Page 59 and 60: coliform by 88%. The Retrieve septi
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 6 - Cost of Pisgah and Retr
Page 63 and 64: The septic tanks will have to be pu
Page 65 and 66: Jamaica may refer to the hydraulic
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 8 - References APHA (Americ
Page 69 and 70: Pennant, Joseph, (2005), Assistant
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 9 - Appendices Appendix 1 -
Page 73 and 74: 7-Dec- 2004 SET FIVE Sample BOD TSS
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix 3 - Determination of 90% C
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix 4 - Conductance of Water C
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix 6 - Total Dissolved Nitrog
Page 81 and 82:
Appendix 8 - Evapotranspiration Det
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