Evaluation of Septic Tank and Subsurface Wetland for

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2000), Manual: Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Minicipal Wastewaters, EPA 625/R-99/010, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2000), Decentralized Systems Technology Fact Sheet, Septic Tank Systems for Large Flow Applications, EPA 832-F-00-079, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2002), Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, EPA/625/R-00/008, Office of Water, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. Vymazal, Jan, (2002), “The Use of Sub-Surface Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 Years Experience,” Ecological Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 633-646. WERF, (2007), Factors Affecting the Performance of Primary Treatment in Decentralized Wastewater Systems, Water Environment Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA. [available at http://www.ndwrcdp.org/userfiles/04-dec-7resdigest.pdf] WHO, (2000), Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report, WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 61
Chapter 9 – Appendices Appendix 1 - Water Quality Analysis Raw Data 1-Sep- 2004 BACKGROUND DATA Sample BOD TSS Tot. N NO3-N NH3-N Tot. P Tot. Coli. Fecal Coli. pH Mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN MPN PS1 9 41 23.4 0.1 19.8 4.6 2,800,000 2,200,000 6.6 PS2 9 13 15.9 0.9 27.6 4.8 160,000 160,000 7.3 PS2* 6 15 29.8 0.9 28.3 5.3 26,000 21,000 7.3 PS3 5 1 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.4 24,000 1,600 7.4 RT1 9 55 10.4 0.0 7.2 2.2 3,500 2,400 6.6 RT2 6 11 11.8 0.0 7.1 1.8 170 130 7.2 RT3 27 20 8.6 0.2 2.1 1.4 33 33 6.7 * denotes duplicate sample 21-Sep- 2004 SET ONE Sample BOD TSS Tot. N NO3-N NH3-N Tot. P Tot. Coli. Fecal Coli. pH Mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN MPN PS1 23 162 8.9 0.2 13.6 3.8 2,400,000 n/a 6.9 PS2 20 160 9.6 0.3 14.7 2.5 2,400,000 n/a 6.9 PS3 17 19 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 35,000 n/a 7.7 RT1 8 23 1.8 0.3 6.4 1.9 170,000 n/a 7.0 RT2 32 373 4.2 0.1 10.5 2.6 160,000 n/a 7.0 RT3 32 268 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.9 1,700 n/a 7.8 RT3* 36 157 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.7 2,600 n/a 7.8 * duplicate 5-Oct- 2004 SET TWO – NWC Lab Sample BOD TSS Tot. N NO3-N NH3-N Tot. P Tot. Coli. Fecal Coli. pH Mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN MPN PS1 56 104 24.7 0.0 25.7 5.4 3,100,000 3,100,000 6.9 PS2 26 58 17.7 0.2 18.2 3.9 70,000 70,000 6.7 PS3 11 3 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.3 280 94 7.7 RT1 69 73 23.2 0.0 29.6 5.7 11,000,000 11,000,000 6.8 RT2 16 6 7.8 1.0 6.6 1.8 170,000 170,000 6.7 RT3 20 54 18.8 6.7 1.7 0.7 4,000 2,000 7.4 62
Page 1 and 2:
Evaluation of Septic Tank and Subsu
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Locally designed wastewate
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgments Major funding was p
Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 6 - Costs ……………
Page 9 and 10:
Table 5-6 Parameters Influencing Bi
Page 11 and 12:
The predominant geological formatio
Page 13 and 14:
plants discharging a volume of 20m
Page 15 and 16:
lack access to acceptable excreta d
Page 17 and 18:
Critical design parameters for sept
Page 19 and 20: Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
Page 21 and 22: inging larger rock from a distant q
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 3 - Site Descriptions Figur
Page 25 and 26: Wetland inlet sample point Flush to
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3-4 Pisgah wetland beds befo
Page 29 and 30: times over a two-week period, grew
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-7 Retrieve youth in front
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 4 - Methodology Field Data
Page 35 and 36: out (see Figure 4-2). Locating the
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4-3 Media porosity measureme
Page 39 and 40: Laboratory Water Quality Analysis A
Page 41 and 42: NEPA laboratory also does not test
Page 43 and 44: Since evapotranspiration decreases
Page 45 and 46: The water level in the middle of th
Page 47 and 48: BOD was determined to be 53% at Pis
Page 49 and 50: solids than a sample point that pul
Page 51 and 52: Table 5-4 Ammonia (NH3-N) for Pisga
Page 53 and 54: Table 5-5 Nitrate (NO3-N) for Pisga
Page 55 and 56: o Alkalinity Nitrification and deni
Page 57 and 58: system were measured to be 3.3 mg/l
Page 59 and 60: coliform by 88%. The Retrieve septi
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 6 - Cost of Pisgah and Retr
Page 63 and 64: The septic tanks will have to be pu
Page 65 and 66: Jamaica may refer to the hydraulic
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 8 - References APHA (Americ
Page 69: Pennant, Joseph, (2005), Assistant
Page 73 and 74: 7-Dec- 2004 SET FIVE Sample BOD TSS
Page 75 and 76: Appendix 3 - Determination of 90% C
Page 77 and 78: Appendix 4 - Conductance of Water C
Page 79 and 80: Appendix 6 - Total Dissolved Nitrog
Page 81 and 82: Appendix 8 - Evapotranspiration Det
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