Solomon Islands - Asia & the Pacific

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Solomon Islands: Analysis of Poverty from 2005/2006 HIESand in the highest three deciles 21.9% of HH use gas burners. This suggests that the cost of purchased fuel is adeterrent to its use and that firewood is easily accessible (at least currently), either in the market or from collection.It is only in the higher expenditure deciles where “clean 16 ” fuel becomes a major source of cooking energy. Therecent fuel and power prices rises will have strengthened this preference for fuelwood.126. In the rural areas there is very little use of energy sources other than firewood; virtually 100% of cooking is donewith firewood in the poorest HH, and even amongst better-off households only around 3.1% of high expenditureHH use gas. Details of fuel usage for cooking in both Honiara and the rural areas are provided at Appendix TablesA4 & A5.127. Thus while there may be significant health benefits (especially for women and young children) from the use of“clean” energy sources for cooking, the cost of such fuels compared to the “free” source of firewood is likely tobe difficult to overcome. Changing to clean fuels might also require significant changes in traditional cookingmethods and food types. Any change will therefore likely need to be slow and gradual.128. The nature of power for lighting inHoniara is shown Chart 19. Amongst thelowest expenditure households, in boththe Honiara and rural areas, kerosene isthe most widely used power source forlighting. In the rural areas this appliesacross all deciles, averaging 89.5%amongst the poorest HH and even 87.9%amongst those in the highest expendituregroups. For a small proportion of ruralhouseholds, around 2.6% of those in thehighest three deciles, solar energy is alsoused as a source of lighting.129. For Honiara HH the use of electricity forlighting increases with the higher deciles; in the poorest HH only 40.9% are connected to the power system while 88.6%of those in the highest three deciles are connected. In the lowest three deciles 56.4% of households use kerosene.Details of power usage for lighting in Honiara and the rural areas are provided in Appendix Tables A6 and A7. These showthe proportions of households using eachtype of power by decile and by source ofpower.7.8 Access to Water and Sanitation130. The next three charts look at access towater. Charts 20 and 21 show access towater for the lowest three and highestthree expenditure deciles in the ruralareas. Chart 22 shows the situation forHoniara. Further details on access to water% of HH1009080706050403020100Electric MainsElectric OwngeneratorChart 20Access to Water Supply: Rural HHLowest three deciles; % of HHother, 8.2Tanker, 0.5River/lake/stream,21.9Rain water tank,10.0Public Well, 5.5Well in house, 4.0Chart 19Energy for Lighting: Honiara HHKerosene lampLowest Three DecilesPiped into house, 15.3Piped intocommunity, 10.7Piped outsidecommunity, 24.7Oil lamp(coconut etc)Highest Three DecilesSolar powerNo lightingChart 21Access to Water Supply: Rural HHHighest three deciles; % of HHother, 7.9Tanker, 0.0River/lake/stream,14.2Rain water tank,18.9Public Well, 6.1Well in house, 4.0Piped into house, 16.1Piped intocommunity, 10.6Piped outsidecommunity, 22.216 Clean fuel or energy source is defined as electricity or bottled LPG gas.36Estimation of National Poverty Lines and Poverty Incidence
Solomon Islands: Analysis of Poverty from 2005/2006 HIESand sanitation in Honiara and the ruralareas are provided in Appendix TablesA8 through A12. The data indicates thataround 27.4% of households in the ruralareas are using unsafe or unprotectedprimary sources of water in terms ofpublic wells (21.9%), streams or rivers(5.5%). This compares with an average of23.5% of HH overall.131. Even amongst better-off HH a highproportion still rely on unsafe sources;some 20.3% of the top three deciles usepublic wells, rivers and streams as theirprimary water source.132. For those in Honiara the town reticulatedsupply or a similar piped source is mostcommon, Chart 22. Amongst lowexpenditure HH, just over sixty percenthave piped water, rising to 85% of thosein the highest expenditure groups. Evenin Honiara, however, that still means thatalmost 30% of the poorest HH are relyingon unsafe water sources.133. Around 13.2% of Honiara HH in the lowestthree deciles use public wells as theirprimary water source compared to anaverage over all Honiara HH of 7.4%. Also 3.3% of thepoorest HH rely on rivers/lakes/streams as a primarysupply source. This compares with an average of 2.2%over all HH.% of HH% of HH90807060504030201009080706050403020100Pipedinto houseOwn flushseptic tankPipedinto communityChart 22Access to Water Supply: Honiara HHPiped outsidecommunityLowest Three DecilesWell in house Public well Rain watertankHighest Three DecilesChart 23Access to Sanitation Facilities: Honiara HHShared flush Household pit HouseholdbucketLowest Three DecilesCommunal pittoiletHighest Three DecilesChart 24Access to Sanitation: Rural HH Lowest three decilesOwn flush septic tank, 2.0Shared flush, 0.8River/lake/streamTankCloset over sea Other None134. Chart 23 extends this to look at access to improvedsanitation as a basis for improved health in Honiara.Charts 24 and 25 look at the rural situation.Other, 13.4None, 7.9Household pit, 10.2Household bucket, 3.2Communial pit toilet, 7.5135. In Honiara many of the low decile households do notCloset over sea, 54.0appear to have a satisfactory sanitation system withNo Grade Primary Secondary Post Secondary NR50% using either a household pit or bucket. Whilearound 40% of the lowest three deciles have access to a septic tank, for the very bottom decile the proportion isonly around one quarter.Estimation of National Poverty Lines and Poverty Incidence37
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Solomon Islands - Asia & the Pacific

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