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6.2 THE GR-303 STANDARD 137Figure 6.2-4. CSC Signaling: LE-originated connection and release for Loop Start lines.by the LE to notify the AS that enough digits have been received and further digitswill be ignored.The release sequence is started by a Disconnect message, which can be sent bythe LE or the AS, depending on which side hangs up first. When the AS disconnectsfirst, the LE responds with Notify followed by Release, which the AS acknowledgeswith Release Complete. When the LE disconnects first, the AS responds withRelease, acknowledged by the LE with Release Complete.Two examples of call sequences with CSC signaling for Loop Start lines areshown in Figs. 6.2-4 and 6.2-5.6.2.4 Signaling for ISDN LinesCall-control signaling travels through the AS in D-channel messages with no involvementby GR-303 signaling, as described below. B-channels are always clear.Basic Access Lines (2B 1 D). These lines can be configured in two ways.3-DS0 Method. Each B-channel and each D-channel is connected semipermanentlyto a separate TS. All TSs are assigned by provisioning and no signaling forTS assignment is necessary. This method is used only for foreign exchange lines
138 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSFigure 6.2-5. CSC Signaling: AS-originated connection and release for Loop Start lines.or lines connected to a cross-connect system; it is supported by the AS only (not bythe LE).4:1 TDM Method. Each B-channel is connected to a separate TS and theD-channels of up to four ISDN lines share one TS. D-channels are assigned toTSs semipermanently and B-channels can be assigned semipermanently ordynamically. This is the standard method for ISDN lines that terminate at the LEhosting the AS.Dynamic assignment is always started by the LE and line originations aredetected by the LE via D-channel signaling. With the hybrid method, the assignmentprocedure is the same as for analog lines. With the CSC method, the alertingsequence for LE originations is not needed because alerting is handled byD-channel signaling: Setup is sent from the LE with “Alerting Off” in the SignalIE and is followed by Connect from the AS. Clearing of B-channels is alwaysstarted from the LE and works as shown in Fig. 6.2-4. The call control portion ofthe CSC protocol is not used.
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Signaling inTelecommunicationNetwor
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Copyright # 2007 by John Wiley & So
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CONTENTSPreface to the Second Editi
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CONTENTSix8.4 Basic Error Correctio
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CONTENTSxiChapter 16 Transaction Ca
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PREFACE TO THESECOND EDITIONThe fir
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1INTRODUCTION TOTELECOMMUNICATIONST
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1.1 TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS 3Fig
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1.2 NUMBERING PLANS 9Local exchange
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1.2 NUMBERING PLANS 11The NANP (for
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1.3 DIGIT ANALYSIS AND ROUTING 13Fi
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1.3 DIGIT ANALYSIS AND ROUTING 15Fi
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 17In the IC
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 19Figure 1.
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 21Figure 1.
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 23land bas
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 25Figure 1
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 27Figure 1
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1.6 SPECIAL TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT
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1.7 EXCHANGES 35Figure 1.7-2. Local
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1.7 EXCHANGES 37Figure 1.7-4. Excha
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1.8 ACCESS NETWORKS AND LINE CONCEN
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1.10 REFERENCES 41ISDNITUITU-TLATAL
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2INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALING2.1 OVERV
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2.1 OVERVIEW 45networks and in the
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2.1 OVERVIEW 47not involved in a ca
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2.2 STANDARDS FOR SIGNALING SYSTEMS
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2.3 ACRONYMS 51. Communications Sta
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2.4 REFERENCES 537. R. B. Robrock,
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56 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGFigure 3.1-1
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58 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGFigure 3.2-1
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60 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.2.5 Tones
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62 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGHook Status.
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64 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGthe low-grou
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66 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.4.3 Tones
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68 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGCall Waiting
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70 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.6.1 Caller
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72 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGCalled Party
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74 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGRRRSSSCSITSL
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76 CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED INTEREXCHANGE
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Page 103 and 104: 86 CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED INTEREXCHANGE
Page 117 and 118: 100 CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED INTEREXCHANG
Page 128 and 129: 5INTRODUCTION TOCOMMON-CHANNEL SIGN
Page 130 and 131: 5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 113Figure 5.
Page 132 and 133: 5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 115Quasiasso
Page 134 and 135: 5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 117Figure 5.
Page 136 and 137: 5.2 SIGNALING LINKS AND SIGNAL UNIT
Page 142 and 143: 5.3 ACRONYMS 125In the final step o
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Page 159 and 160: 142 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSinf
Page 163 and 164: 146 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSFig
Page 165 and 166: 148 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSC-C
Page 169 and 170: 152 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKScan
Page 171 and 172: 154 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSIDT
Page 174 and 175: 7INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALINGSYSTEM NO
Page 176 and 177: 7.1 SS7 STRUCTURE 159Message Transf
Page 178 and 179: 7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNALING POI
Page 180 and 181: 7.3 SS7 SIGNAL UNITS AND PRIMITIVES
Page 182 and 183: 7.4 ACRONYMS 165Figure 7.3-3 shows
Page 184 and 185: 8SS7 MESSAGE TRANSFER PARTThe Messa
Page 186 and 187: 8.2 MTP LEVEL 1 1698.1.2 Message Tr
Page 188 and 189: 8.3 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 2 171In e
Page 190 and 191: 8.3 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 2 173The
Page 192 and 193: 8.4 BASIC ERROR CORRECTION 175Figur
Page 194 and 195: 8.4 BASIC ERROR CORRECTION 177Figur
Page 196 and 197: 8.5 PREVENTIVE CYCLIC RETRANSMISSIO
Page 198 and 199: 8.6 SIGNALING LINK MANAGEMENT 181In
Page 200 and 201: 8.7 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 3 183Figu
Page 202 and 203: 8.8 MTP3 SIGNALING MESSAGE HANDLING
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8.8 MTP3 SIGNALING MESSAGE HANDLING
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8.8 MTP3 SIGNALING MESSAGE HANDLING
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8.9 MTP3 SIGNALING NETWORK MANAGEME
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8.10 ACRONYMS 199H1 Message heading
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9TELEPHONE USER PARTThe Telephone U
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9.2 CALL-CONTROL MESSAGES AND SIGNA
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 211TA
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 213Wh
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 215On
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9.4 TUP SUPPORT OF ADDITIONAL SERVI
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9.4 TUP SUPPORT OF ADDITIONAL SERVI
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9.5 OTHER TUP PROCEDURES, MESSAGES,
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9.5 OTHER TUP PROCEDURES, MESSAGES,
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9.6 VERSIONS OF TUP SIGNALING 2259.
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9.7 ACRONYMS 227ACM Address Complet
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9.8 REFERENCES 229SAOSECSHPSISIFSIM
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232 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING SY
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TABLE 10.3-3 Information Elements i
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11ISDN USER PARTThis chapter resume
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11.2 ISUP MESSAGES, FORMATS, AND PA
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TABLE 11.2-2 Parameters in ISUP Cal
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11.3 SIGNALING FOR CALLS BETWEEN IS
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11.3 SIGNALING FOR CALLS BETWEEN IS
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11.4 CALLS INVOLVING ANALOG SUBSCRI
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11.4 CALLS INVOLVING ANALOG SUBSCRI
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11.5 END-TO-END SIGNALING 305In the
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11.5 END-TO-END SIGNALING 307Figure
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11.6 OTHER SIGNALING PROCEDURES 309
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11.7 SIGNALING PROCEDURES FOR FAILE
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11.8 ISUP SIGNALING IN THE INTERNAT
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11.9 ISUP SIGNALING IN THE UNITED S
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11.10 ACRONYMS 323transferred trans
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11.11 REFERENCES 325SCCP Signaling
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12SIGNALING IN CELLULARMOBILE TELEC
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12.1 INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBIL
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Figure 12.2-1. Transmission of mess
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12.3 INTRODUCTION TO AMPS SIGNALING
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12.3 INTRODUCTION TO AMPS SIGNALING
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12.4 AMPS MESSAGE FORMATS AND PARAM
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12.5 AMPS SIGNALING PROCEDURES 353s
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12.5 AMPS SIGNALING PROCEDURES 355p
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12.6 SIGNALING IN IS-54 CELLULAR SY
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12.7 INTRODUCTION TO THE GSM CELLUL
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12.8 SIGNALING BETWEEN MOBILE AND N
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12.9 LAYER 3 MESSAGES ON THE Um INT
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12.9 LAYER 3 MESSAGES ON THE Um INT
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12.10 ACRONYMS 385FVCGAWGSMIMEIIMSI
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12.11 REFERENCES 3875. Public Land
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390 AIR INTERFACE SIGNALING IN CDMA
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TABLE 13.3-1 Forward CDMA Physical
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14INTRODUCTION TOTRANSACTIONSThe TU
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14.2 SS7 ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSACTI
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CCIS Common-channel interoffice sig
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466 SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROL PA
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TABLE 15.2-2 Parameters in SCCP Mes
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16TRANSACTION CAPABILITIESAPPLICATI
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 499Figure 16.1-1.
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 501TABLE 16.1-1 T
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 503TABLE 16.1-4Co
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 505ASN
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 507TAB
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 509Fig
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16.3 TRANSACTION AND INVOKE IDENTIT
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16.4 U.S. NATIONAL TCAP 513TABLE 16
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16.6 ACRONYMS 51516.6 ACRONYMSAC Ap
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17TRANSACTIONS ININTELLIGENT NETWOR
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17.1 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLIGENT NE
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 521so
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 523is
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 525th
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 527en
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17.3 AIN MESSAGES AND TRANSACTIONS
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 535Figure 1
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 537Bits DC.
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 539Par.19 P
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17.5 CODING OF DATA ELEMENTS 541Par
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 543TAB
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 545TAB
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 54717.
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 549Snapshot Monit
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 551We assume that
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 553info_analyzed
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17.9 REFERENCES 555GTA Global title
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18INTELLIGENT NETWORKAPPLICATION PA
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18.1 INTRODUCTION 559Figure 18.1-2
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18.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 561.
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18.3 CAPABILITY SETS 563CS-2. This
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 565TABLE 18.4-1
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 567SACF. MACF a
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 569TABLE 18.4-5
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18.5 ETSI INAP 571At the end of the
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18.7 REFERENCES 573SSPT_BCSNTCTCAPU
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18.7 REFERENCES 57544. Interface Re
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578 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.1 INT
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580 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTMSCs (d)
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582 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTASEs in
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584 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTOn recei
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586 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTFigure 1
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588 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTunrecogn
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596 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.4.3 M
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600 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.5.3 E
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602 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.4 Au
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604 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.11 D
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606 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.22 S
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608 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.6.2 E
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614 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTby a “
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616 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTVLR now
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624 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTMAP_COMP
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626 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTThe VLR
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628 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTISDNITUI
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20INTRODUCTION TO PACKETNETWORKS AN
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20.1 PACKET-BASED COMMUNICATION 633
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20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 643F
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20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 645T
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20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 647c
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20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 649s
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20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 651There
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20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 653Voice
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20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 655some V
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20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 657On the
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20.4 LOWER LAYER PROTOCOLS FOR VoIP
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20.5 ACRONYMS 66520.5 ACRONYMSAAA A
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20.6 REFERENCES 66720.6 REFERENCES1
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21SIGNALING FOR VoIP21.1 INTRODUCTI
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21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 67121.2 THE
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21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 673TABLE 21
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21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 679Recommen
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21.3 THE SESSION INITIATION PROTOCO
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21.4 THE GATEWAY CONTROL PROTOCOL 6
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21.5 THE SIGNALING TRANSPORT (SIGTR
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21.6 THE BEARER INDEPENDENT CALL-CO
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21.7 ACRONYMS 717FSN Forward sequen
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21.8 REFERENCES 7196. Generic Funct
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22SIGNALING IN ATM NETWORKSATM, or
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22.1 INTRODUCTION TO ATM NETWORKS A
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22.1 INTRODUCTION TO ATM NETWORKS A
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22.2 ATM LAYERS AND PROTOCOL STACK
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22.3 LOWER LAYERS 729Figure 22.2-3.
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22.3 LOWER LAYERS 73122.3.2 AAL/SAA
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22.4 INTRODUCTION TO ATM SIGNALING
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22.5 SIGNALING AT THE UNI INTERFACE
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TABLE 22.5-2 Variable-Length Inform
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22.6 THE PNNI PROTOCOL 739Figure 22
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TABLE 22.6-1 Variable-Length Inform
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22.7 THE B-ISUP SIGNALING PROTOCOL
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22.7 THE B-ISUP SIGNALING PROTOCOL
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22.9 ATM ADDRESSING 747administrati
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22.10 ACRONYMS 749IEIETFISUPITUITU-
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22.11 REFERENCES 75123. Private Net
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754 INDEXAddress signalsAsynchrouno
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756 INDEXApplication entity (AE)Int
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758 INDEXBearer services (continued
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760 INDEXCalled Address derivation,
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762 INDEXCellular authentication an
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764 INDEXClassless addressing, Inte
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766 INDEXComponent portion, Transac
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768 INDEXData link connections, Dig
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770 INDEXDigital Subscriber Signali
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772 INDEXError correction (continue
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774 INDEXFour-wire circuits (contin
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776 INDEXHome mobile switching cent
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778 INDEXIntelligent networks (INs)
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780 INDEXIS-95 code-division multip
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782 INDEXLine signals. See also Sup
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784 INDEXMessage acceptance, cellul
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786 INDEXMobile switching centers (
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788 INDEXOptical carrier (OC), sync
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790 INDEXPhysical channels, cdma200
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792 INDEXQ.931 ISDN protocol (conti
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794 INDEXResponse to acknowledgment
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796 INDEXService Indicator Octet (S
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798 INDEXSignaling network manageme
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800 INDEXSignaling System No. 7 (SS
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802 INDEXStored-program controlled
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804 INDEXTandem exchangeinterconnec
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806 INDEXTimeoutspublic office dial
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808 INDEXTrunk groups (TGs) (contin
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810 INDEXVoice over Internet Protoc
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Introduction to Communications Engi
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