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21.4 THE GATEWAY CONTROL PROTOCOL 691F1—INVITE Request From Alice ! atlanta.com proxyINVITE sip:bob@biloxi.com SIP/2.0Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.atlanta.com;branch¼z9hG4bKnashds8Max-Forwards: 70To: Bob ksip:bob@biloxi.comlFrom: Alice ksip:alice@atlanta.coml;tag¼1928301774Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.atlanta.comCSeq: 314159 INVITEContact: ksip:alice@pc33.atlanta.comlContent-Type: application/sdpContent-Length: 142F9—Response 200 OK From Bob!biloxi.com proxySIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP server10.biloxi.com;branch¼z9hG4bK4b43c2ff8.1;received¼192.0.2.3Via:SIP/2.0/UDPbigbox3.site3.atlanta.com;branch¼z9hG4bK77ef4c2312983.1;received¼192.0.2.2Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.atlanta.com;branch¼z9hG4bKnashds8;received¼192.0.2.1To: Bob ksip:bob@biloxi.coml;tag¼a6c85cfFrom: Alice ksip:alice@atlanta.comltag¼1928301774Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.atlanta.comCSeq: 314159 INVITEContact: ksip:bob@192.0.2.4lContent-Type: application/sdpContent-Length: 13121.4 THE GATEWAY CONTROL PROTOCOLThe Gateway Control Protocol, formerly known as Megaco, is a signaling standardissued jointly by IETF and ITU-T. The IETF standard is RFC 3525 [15], and theITU-T standard is the H.248 series of recommendations [16]. The IETF andITU-T requirements are the same, so in this chapter we use “Gateway ControlProtocol” and “H.248 protocol” interchangeably. This protocol is used by mediagateway controllers (MGCs) to control media gateways (MGs). It is independentof the lower layers but, if used “over” IP, the MGC must support both TCP andUDP, and the MG must support either TCP or UDP.The Gateway Control Protocol evolved from an earlier protocol, the MediaGateway Control Protocol (MGCP), which was based on similar principles and isstill in use [17].
692 SIGNALING FOR VoIP21.4.1 Network ModelThe network model for the Gateway Control Protocol is shown in Fig. 21.4-1. It isdesigned primarily to support SCN interfaces (lines and trunks) that connect to apacket network via a media gateway controlled by a media gateway controller.The approach is typical of the server-routed model (centralized control): call-controllogic is located in the MGC (network), and MGs (peripherals) have littleintelligence.A MGC uses this protocol to communicate with a MG, while communicatingwith other MGCs (or UAs) via peer-to-peer protocols like H.323, SIP, or BICC.A MGC and the MGs it controls are the only units needed to handle lines andchannel-associated signaling (CAS) trunks to/from the SCN. Common-channelsignaling trunks, on the other hand, require the additional presence of a signalinggateway. The SG is needed to interface with the signaling data links from/to theSCN. The SG can be integrated into the same physical unit as the MGC or can bea separate physical unit, in which case it communicates with the MGC via a protocollike SIGTRAN, described later in this chapter.Figure 21.4-1. Network model for the Gateway Control Protocol.
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Signaling inTelecommunicationNetwor
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Copyright # 2007 by John Wiley & So
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CONTENTSPreface to the Second Editi
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CONTENTSix8.4 Basic Error Correctio
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CONTENTSxiChapter 16 Transaction Ca
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PREFACE TO THESECOND EDITIONThe fir
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1INTRODUCTION TOTELECOMMUNICATIONST
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1.1 TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS 3Fig
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1.2 NUMBERING PLANS 9Local exchange
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1.2 NUMBERING PLANS 11The NANP (for
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1.3 DIGIT ANALYSIS AND ROUTING 13Fi
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1.3 DIGIT ANALYSIS AND ROUTING 15Fi
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 17In the IC
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 19Figure 1.
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1.4 ANALOG TRANSMISSION 21Figure 1.
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 23land bas
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 25Figure 1
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1.5 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 27Figure 1
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1.6 SPECIAL TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT
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1.7 EXCHANGES 35Figure 1.7-2. Local
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1.7 EXCHANGES 37Figure 1.7-4. Excha
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1.8 ACCESS NETWORKS AND LINE CONCEN
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1.10 REFERENCES 41ISDNITUITU-TLATAL
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2INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALING2.1 OVERV
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2.1 OVERVIEW 45networks and in the
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2.1 OVERVIEW 47not involved in a ca
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2.2 STANDARDS FOR SIGNALING SYSTEMS
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2.3 ACRONYMS 51. Communications Sta
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2.4 REFERENCES 537. R. B. Robrock,
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56 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGFigure 3.1-1
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58 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGFigure 3.2-1
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60 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.2.5 Tones
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62 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGHook Status.
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64 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGthe low-grou
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66 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.4.3 Tones
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68 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGCall Waiting
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70 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING3.6.1 Caller
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72 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGCalled Party
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74 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALINGRRRSSSCSITSL
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76 CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED INTEREXCHANGE
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100 CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED INTEREXCHANG
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5INTRODUCTION TOCOMMON-CHANNEL SIGN
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5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 113Figure 5.
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5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 115Quasiasso
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5.1 SIGNALING NETWORKS 117Figure 5.
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5.2 SIGNALING LINKS AND SIGNAL UNIT
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5.3 ACRONYMS 125In the final step o
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130 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSTim
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132 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSCom
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134 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSTAB
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136 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSFig
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140 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSinf
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142 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSinf
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148 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSC-C
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152 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKScan
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154 SIGNALING IN ACCESS NETWORKSIDT
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7INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALINGSYSTEM NO
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7.1 SS7 STRUCTURE 159Message Transf
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7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNALING POI
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7.3 SS7 SIGNAL UNITS AND PRIMITIVES
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7.4 ACRONYMS 165Figure 7.3-3 shows
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8SS7 MESSAGE TRANSFER PARTThe Messa
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8.2 MTP LEVEL 1 1698.1.2 Message Tr
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8.3 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 2 171In e
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8.3 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 2 173The
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8.4 BASIC ERROR CORRECTION 175Figur
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8.4 BASIC ERROR CORRECTION 177Figur
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8.5 PREVENTIVE CYCLIC RETRANSMISSIO
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8.6 SIGNALING LINK MANAGEMENT 181In
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8.7 OVERVIEW OF MTP LEVEL 3 183Figu
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8.8 MTP3 SIGNALING MESSAGE HANDLING
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8.9 MTP3 SIGNALING NETWORK MANAGEME
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8.10 ACRONYMS 199H1 Message heading
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9TELEPHONE USER PARTThe Telephone U
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9.2 CALL-CONTROL MESSAGES AND SIGNA
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 211TA
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 213Wh
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9.3 BASIC SIGNALING SEQUENCES 215On
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9.4 TUP SUPPORT OF ADDITIONAL SERVI
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9.4 TUP SUPPORT OF ADDITIONAL SERVI
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9.5 OTHER TUP PROCEDURES, MESSAGES,
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9.5 OTHER TUP PROCEDURES, MESSAGES,
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9.6 VERSIONS OF TUP SIGNALING 2259.
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9.7 ACRONYMS 227ACM Address Complet
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9.8 REFERENCES 229SAOSECSHPSISIFSIM
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232 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING SY
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TABLE 10.3-3 Information Elements i
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11ISDN USER PARTThis chapter resume
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11.2 ISUP MESSAGES, FORMATS, AND PA
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TABLE 11.2-2 Parameters in ISUP Cal
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11.3 SIGNALING FOR CALLS BETWEEN IS
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11.3 SIGNALING FOR CALLS BETWEEN IS
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11.4 CALLS INVOLVING ANALOG SUBSCRI
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11.4 CALLS INVOLVING ANALOG SUBSCRI
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11.5 END-TO-END SIGNALING 305In the
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11.5 END-TO-END SIGNALING 307Figure
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11.6 OTHER SIGNALING PROCEDURES 309
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11.7 SIGNALING PROCEDURES FOR FAILE
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11.8 ISUP SIGNALING IN THE INTERNAT
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11.9 ISUP SIGNALING IN THE UNITED S
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11.10 ACRONYMS 323transferred trans
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11.11 REFERENCES 325SCCP Signaling
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12SIGNALING IN CELLULARMOBILE TELEC
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12.1 INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBIL
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Figure 12.2-1. Transmission of mess
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12.3 INTRODUCTION TO AMPS SIGNALING
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12.3 INTRODUCTION TO AMPS SIGNALING
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12.4 AMPS MESSAGE FORMATS AND PARAM
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12.5 AMPS SIGNALING PROCEDURES 353s
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12.5 AMPS SIGNALING PROCEDURES 355p
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12.6 SIGNALING IN IS-54 CELLULAR SY
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12.7 INTRODUCTION TO THE GSM CELLUL
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12.8 SIGNALING BETWEEN MOBILE AND N
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12.9 LAYER 3 MESSAGES ON THE Um INT
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12.9 LAYER 3 MESSAGES ON THE Um INT
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12.10 ACRONYMS 385FVCGAWGSMIMEIIMSI
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12.11 REFERENCES 3875. Public Land
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390 AIR INTERFACE SIGNALING IN CDMA
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TABLE 13.3-1 Forward CDMA Physical
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14INTRODUCTION TOTRANSACTIONSThe TU
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14.2 SS7 ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSACTI
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CCIS Common-channel interoffice sig
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466 SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROL PA
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TABLE 15.2-2 Parameters in SCCP Mes
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16TRANSACTION CAPABILITIESAPPLICATI
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 499Figure 16.1-1.
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 501TABLE 16.1-1 T
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16.1 INTRODUCTION 503TABLE 16.1-4Co
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 505ASN
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 507TAB
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16.2 TCAP FORMATS AND CODING 509Fig
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16.3 TRANSACTION AND INVOKE IDENTIT
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16.4 U.S. NATIONAL TCAP 513TABLE 16
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16.6 ACRONYMS 51516.6 ACRONYMSAC Ap
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17TRANSACTIONS ININTELLIGENT NETWOR
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17.1 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLIGENT NE
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 521so
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 523is
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 525th
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17.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 527en
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17.3 AIN MESSAGES AND TRANSACTIONS
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 535Figure 1
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 537Bits DC.
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17.4 AIN 0.1 PARAMETERS 539Par.19 P
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17.5 CODING OF DATA ELEMENTS 541Par
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 543TAB
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 545TAB
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17.6 MESSAGES AND PARAMETERS 54717.
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 549Snapshot Monit
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 551We assume that
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17.7 AIN SERVICES 553info_analyzed
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17.9 REFERENCES 555GTA Global title
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18INTELLIGENT NETWORKAPPLICATION PA
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18.1 INTRODUCTION 559Figure 18.1-2
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18.2 CALL MODELS AND TRIGGERS 561.
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18.3 CAPABILITY SETS 563CS-2. This
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 565TABLE 18.4-1
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 567SACF. MACF a
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18.4 INAP SIGNALING 569TABLE 18.4-5
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18.5 ETSI INAP 571At the end of the
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18.7 REFERENCES 573SSPT_BCSNTCTCAPU
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18.7 REFERENCES 57544. Interface Re
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578 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.1 INT
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580 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTMSCs (d)
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582 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTASEs in
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584 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTOn recei
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586 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTFigure 1
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588 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTunrecogn
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596 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.4.3 M
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600 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.5.3 E
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602 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.4 Au
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604 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.11 D
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606 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTPar.22 S
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608 MOBILE APPLICATION PART19.6.2 E
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614 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTby a “
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616 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTVLR now
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624 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTMAP_COMP
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626 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTThe VLR
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628 MOBILE APPLICATION PARTISDNITUI
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20INTRODUCTION TO PACKETNETWORKS AN
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20.1 PACKET-BASED COMMUNICATION 633
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Page 660 and 661: 20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 643F
Page 662 and 663: 20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 645T
Page 664 and 665: 20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 647c
Page 666 and 667: 20.2 THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE 649s
Page 668 and 669: 20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 651There
Page 670 and 671: 20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 653Voice
Page 672 and 673: 20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 655some V
Page 674 and 675: 20.3 INTRODUCTION TO VoIP 657On the
Page 676 and 677: 20.4 LOWER LAYER PROTOCOLS FOR VoIP
Page 682 and 683: 20.5 ACRONYMS 66520.5 ACRONYMSAAA A
Page 684 and 685: 20.6 REFERENCES 66720.6 REFERENCES1
Page 686 and 687: 21SIGNALING FOR VoIP21.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 688 and 689: 21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 67121.2 THE
Page 690 and 691: 21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 673TABLE 21
Page 696 and 697: 21.2 THE H.323 PROTOCOL 679Recommen
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Page 716 and 717: 21.5 THE SIGNALING TRANSPORT (SIGTR
Page 724 and 725: 21.6 THE BEARER INDEPENDENT CALL-CO
Page 734 and 735: 21.7 ACRONYMS 717FSN Forward sequen
Page 736 and 737: 21.8 REFERENCES 7196. Generic Funct
Page 738 and 739: 22SIGNALING IN ATM NETWORKSATM, or
Page 740 and 741: 22.1 INTRODUCTION TO ATM NETWORKS A
Page 742 and 743: 22.1 INTRODUCTION TO ATM NETWORKS A
Page 744 and 745: 22.2 ATM LAYERS AND PROTOCOL STACK
Page 746 and 747: 22.3 LOWER LAYERS 729Figure 22.2-3.
Page 748 and 749: 22.3 LOWER LAYERS 73122.3.2 AAL/SAA
Page 750 and 751: 22.4 INTRODUCTION TO ATM SIGNALING
Page 752 and 753: 22.5 SIGNALING AT THE UNI INTERFACE
Page 754 and 755: TABLE 22.5-2 Variable-Length Inform
Page 756 and 757: 22.6 THE PNNI PROTOCOL 739Figure 22
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TABLE 22.6-1 Variable-Length Inform
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22.7 THE B-ISUP SIGNALING PROTOCOL
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22.7 THE B-ISUP SIGNALING PROTOCOL
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22.9 ATM ADDRESSING 747administrati
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22.10 ACRONYMS 749IEIETFISUPITUITU-
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22.11 REFERENCES 75123. Private Net
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754 INDEXAddress signalsAsynchrouno
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756 INDEXApplication entity (AE)Int
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758 INDEXBearer services (continued
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760 INDEXCalled Address derivation,
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762 INDEXCellular authentication an
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764 INDEXClassless addressing, Inte
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766 INDEXComponent portion, Transac
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768 INDEXData link connections, Dig
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770 INDEXDigital Subscriber Signali
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772 INDEXError correction (continue
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774 INDEXFour-wire circuits (contin
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776 INDEXHome mobile switching cent
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778 INDEXIntelligent networks (INs)
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780 INDEXIS-95 code-division multip
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782 INDEXLine signals. See also Sup
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784 INDEXMessage acceptance, cellul
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786 INDEXMobile switching centers (
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788 INDEXOptical carrier (OC), sync
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790 INDEXPhysical channels, cdma200
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792 INDEXQ.931 ISDN protocol (conti
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794 INDEXResponse to acknowledgment
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796 INDEXService Indicator Octet (S
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798 INDEXSignaling network manageme
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800 INDEXSignaling System No. 7 (SS
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802 INDEXStored-program controlled
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804 INDEXTandem exchangeinterconnec
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806 INDEXTimeoutspublic office dial
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808 INDEXTrunk groups (TGs) (contin
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810 INDEXVoice over Internet Protoc
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Introduction to Communications Engi
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