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782 INDEXLine signals. See also Supervision signalsbasic properties, 57Link access control (LAC), cdma2000 airinterface, 412–413, 427–429authentication, message integrity, addressing,and utility sublayers, 428–429automatic repeate request sublayer, 428Link Access Protocol for D-channel (LAPD),Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 1(DSS1), 237–246control fields, 239–240data link connections, 237–238supervision of, 242–243frame format, 238–239frame types, 239SABME, DISC, DM, and UA frames, 244TEI management, 244–246transfer modes, 241–242Link-by-link signaling, channel-associatedinterexchange signaling, 80Link control protocolMessage Transfer Part 2 (MTP2) structure,171–172Message Transfer Part (MTP) protocol,signaling link management, 180–182V5.2 standard, 150Linked Identifier (LID), Transaction CapabilitiesApplication Part (TCAP), 512Link failure, signaling link management, MTPprotocol, 181Link management, MTP level 3 signalingnetwork management, 190Link signal units, common-channel signaling,119Link status signal units (LSSUs)Message Transfer Part (MTP) protocol, 168MTP2 transmission, 174–175Signaling System No. 7, 162–164Load sharingcommon-channel signaling networks,115–116MTP level 3 signaling message handling,188–190Local access and transport area (LATA)advanced intelligent networks (AINs), 537Bell System multifrequency supervisionsignaling, automatic numberidentification, 89–90destinations and digit analysis, 14inter-LATA call routing, 16–17intra-LATA call routing, 14–15North American numbering plan, 10–11private branch exchange and, 5–7public office dialing plan, 72public switched telecommunication networkand, 5–6telecoms and, 7–8Local area code (LAC), GSM-MAP system, 610Local area identity (LAI), GSM cellular system,371Local area networks (LANs)basic properties, 633–634switches and routers, 636Local exchange carriers (LECs), telecoms and,7–8Local exchange (LE)access networks and, 38–40CSC signaling, analog lines, 136–137GR-303 standard, hybrid signaling, analoglines, 134–136call control for analog lines, 130interconnections of, 5inter-LATA call routing, 16–17intra-LATA call routing, 14–15ISDN signaling, basic access lines, 138signaling systems, 60–64address signals, 63–64call states, 62hook status, 62hookswitch flash, 62overview, 60–61recognition time, 62ringing signals, 64supervision signal reception, 61–62in telecommunication networks, 2Local messages, Q.931 protocols, 247Location area identity (LAI)cellular mobile network updating, 375GSM-MAP system, 609–610Location areas, cellular mobile networks, 328LocationRequest Invoke (LOCREQ) message,IS-MAP, 591, 593LocationRequest Return-Result (locreq),IS-MAP, 591–592Location service, Session Initiation Protocol(SIP), 682Location updatingcellular mobile networks, 373–375GSM cellular systemaccept message, 382request message, 382Mobile Application Part (MAP) operations,613–619Logical addressing, Internet Protocol (IP), 643,644–645Logical channels