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804 INDEXTandem exchangeinterconnections of, 5in telecommunication networks, 2TargetCellID parameter, IS-MAP, 606TCP/IP protocol suite, 642–650internet protocol, 643–645addresses, 644–645domain names, 645fragmentation and reassembly, 645layered reference structure, 636–638overview, 642–643transmission control protocol,645–649checksum, 648–649connections, 647–648URI/URL, 650user datagram protocol, 649–650Telcordia standard, 49–50Telecommunication networksanalog circuits, data transmission, 19classification of, 4–9components of, 1calls, 2–3one-way and bothway trunk groups, 4setup and release, 3–4ISDN, Digital Subscriber Signaling SystemNo. 1 (DSS1), 234–235numbering plans, 9–13schematic of, 2synonyms in, 8–9Telecommunications Industry Association(TIA), signaling standards, 50Telecommunication Technology Association(TTA) (Korea), signaling standards, 51Telecommunication Technology Committee(TTC) (Japan), signaling standards, 50Telecom programming, AIN service controlpoint, 520–521Telecomsclassification of, 7–8intra-LATA call routing, 14–15Telephone exchange, Voice over InternetProtocol, 654–655Telephones, signaling components, 57–60address signals, 58–59ringing signal, 59supervision signals, 57–58telephone, 57tones and announcements, 60Telephone User Part (TUP)additional services, 217–221basic signaling sequencesmessage indicator settings, 213setup problems, 215–216automatic rerouting, 216dual seizures, 215timeouts, 216unsuccessful backward setup signals,215–216successful international call, 214–215address complete message, 214–215echo control, 215initial address message information, 214successful national call, 211–214address complete message indicatorsettings, 213connection release, 213connection setup, 211–213British Telecom National User Part, 225–226end-to-end signaling, 226sending of called number, 225swap message, 226call-control messages, 203–210address complete message, 208automatic congestion control, 210general forward setup informationmessage, 209–210general request message, 209initial address mesage, 203–205additional information, 205–206calling line identity and original calledaddress, 206–207closed user group information, 207digits, 205indicators, 204–205number of digits, 205subsequent address messages, 207call-control signals, 210–211call supervision signals, 211continuity signals, 210unsuccessful backward signals, 210–211call forwarding, 217, 220calling line identification, 217, 219–220circuit group blocking, unblocking, andresetting, 223circuit supervision messages, 222circuit supervision signals, 222closed user groups, 217–218, 220–221digital connectivity, 217, 219exchange overload, 221–222France Telecom TUP-E, 226GRQ-GSM procedure, 218–219history of, 201–202international network, 226ITU-T Recommendations Q.721-Q.724framework, 225