Honu'apo Park Resource Management Plan

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Honuÿapo Park Final Resources Management Plan (Urochola mutica) in drier zones, and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in the brackish intertidal zone. Makaloa (Cyperus laevigatus) and milo (Thespesia populnea) are among the few native species found in the intertidal marsh zone of the estuary. 2.3.5 Fauna Honuÿapo Park has the potential to provide habitat for many species of birds, native and alien. Coastal and estuarine zones are habitat for a variety of indigenous migratory shorebirds, including the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Pacific golden-plover (Pluvialis fulva), wandering tattler (Heteroscelus incanus), and possibly bristle-thighed curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) and sanderling (Calidris alba). The estuary could also support native water birds, including the indigenous blackcrowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli) and the endangered Hawaiian coot (Fulica alai). The seabird black noddy or noio (Anous minutus melanogenys) is frequently seen flying in and out of refuges in the rocky coastal cliffs of the area, and the white-tailed tropic bird (Phaethon lepturus dorotheae) has been observed at Honuÿapo (NPS 2006). Introduced birds that are also common at Honuÿapo include the common barn owl (Tyto alba), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicus), spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis) and zebra dove (Geopelia striata). Other rare, endangered or threatened species with variable levels of occurrence in the area include the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus), endangered Hawaiian duck (Anas wyvilliana), the endangered Hawaiian hawk (Buteo solitarius), and Hawaiian black-necked stilt or äe‘o (Himantopus mexicanus knudensi). The orange-black Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion xanthomelas), a candidate insect species for listing under the Endangered Species Act, has been seen at Honuÿapo Estuary. Several species of introduced animals including feral dogs (Canis familiaris), cats (Felis sylvestris catus), pigs (Sus scrofa), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), rats (Rattus rattus), mice (Mus musculus) and mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) are present in the park area and are detrimental to native plant and animal species. The presence of cats, rats, and mongooses on the park property is believed to be the primary cause of low numbers of native bird sightings at Honuÿapo Estuary. 2.3.6 Estuarine, Tide pool and Marine Habitats The rugged shoreline in the vicinity of Honuÿapo offers an array of habitats, ranging from coastal cliffs, to tide pools and spring-fed brackish wetlands, which produce a great diversity of biological communities. A limited survey by the National Park Page 13
Honuÿapo Park Final Resources Management Plan Service (NPS) along the Kaÿü coast found no alien algae and a healthy balance of algae and benthic invertebrates, which is indicative of minimal nutrient input from land and no overexploitation of fish and invertebrate herbivores (NPS, 2006). The water of Honuÿapo estuary is brackish and fed by fresh water springs on the ma uka side of the estuary pond and by tidal influx on the ma kai side. Native fish species that have been recorded in Honuÿapo estuary during quarterly sampling conducted in 2007 through 2009 as part of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant project included alpheidae snapping shrimp, ÿoÿopu (Eleotris sandvicensis), ÿöpae huna (Palaemon debilis), the threatened naniha goby (Stenogobius hawaiiensis), striped mullet or ÿamaÿama (Mugil cephalus), äholehole (Kuhlia sandvicensis), Hawaiian shrimp goby (Psilogobius mainlandi), and yellowfin goatfish (Mulloidichthys vanicolensis). The estuary also attracts green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), a threatened species. Area residents also recall that the estuary used to provide habitat for päpio (juvenile ulua). A University of Hawaiÿi at Hilo graduate student (Megan Lamson) conducted a 13month baseline survey of the shallow near shore habitats (less than 6 feet deep) of Honuÿapo Bay near Honuÿapo Estuary in 2009 (Lamson, 2010). The survey area was dominated by turf algae, with some patches of sand and coral. The survey recorded 119 fish species, with most species either indigenous (68%) or endemic (29%), and only a few introduced species (3%). Fish were found to be more abundant in the higher turbidity areas adjacent to the channel between Honu’apo Estuary and the ocean. The survey also found a high abundance of juvenile fish, suggesting the area could possibly serve as nursery grounds for certain fish species. Honuÿapo Estuary A “Rapid Ecological Assessment” conducted in 2005 by NOAA along the southeastern coast of the Island of Hawaiÿi recorded boulder habitat in the shallow waters of Honuÿapo Bay and especially high coral cover, exceeding 80%, in ocean waters 10 to 15 feet deep (NOAA, 2006). A total of seventeen coral species were recorded at the survey site. The corals were generally encrusting, mound or robust branched corals that can thrive in high-energy exposed coasts. The survey also noted a variety of fish species, an abundance of invertebrates, including tiger cowries and lobsters, and an endangered Hawaiian Hawksbill turtle. The endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) has also been observed in the marine waters off Honuÿapo. Page 14
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Page 61 and 62: Phasing Park Area Project III IV NC
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Plant Species Recorded at Honuÿapo
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APPENDIX B Cultural Resources of th
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It is not only by far the worst par
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…After traveling some time over a
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were “subject to the rights of th
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jealous husband, who resided a shor
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legendary literature reviewed for t
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In 1976, two graduate students (Her
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LCAw. 9225-B, 10190, and 7733 are a
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There were three land grants (821,
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Trails and Roads Extending north/so
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Ellis, W. 2004 [1825] A Journal of
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Schmitt, R. 1973 The Missionary Cen
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Coastal and Estuarine Land Conserva
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APPENDIX D Honuÿapo Park Implement
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Honu'apo Park Resource Management Plan

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