Honu'apo Park Resource Management Plan

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Honuÿapo Park Final Resources Management Plan vehicle for determining ownership of native lands. The Mähele defined the land interests of Kamehameha III (the King), the high-ranking chiefs, and the konohiki. During the Mähele, all lands in the Kingdom of Hawai‘i were placed in one of three categories: (1) Crown Lands (for the occupant of the throne); (2) Government Lands; and (3) Konohiki Lands (Chinen 1958:vii and Chinen 1961:13). Additionally, native tenants could claim and acquire title to kuleana parcels that they actively lived on or farmed at the time of the Mähele. The Kuleana Act of December 21, 1849 provided the framework by which native tenants could apply for and receive fee-simple interest in their kuleana lands from the Land Commission. As a result of the Mähele, Honu‘apo ahupuaÿa (totaling 2,200 acres) was awarded as Konohiki Land to William Charles Lunalilo (LCAw. 8559), and Hiÿonaÿä Ahupua‘a was retained as Government Land. A total of twenty-four kuleana were awarded in Honu‘apo Ahupua’a, and five were awarded in Hi‘onaÿä. Five kuleana were awarded ma kai of what is now Highway 11 within the Honu‘apo Park area, all in the vicinity of Honuÿapo Estuary. These kuleana included LCAw. 9212:1 to Hoolapa, LCAw. 9564B:1 to Kalaukoa, LCAw. 9955B:1 to Lilikalani, LCAw. 10008:2 to Lepoloa, and LCAw.10516:1 to Nahakuelua. The uses of the five awards were as follows: - Hoolapa’s award (LCAw. 9212:1) was for a 0.29 acre house lot; - Kaulukoa’s award (LCAw. 9564B) consisted of 0.44 acres that included a house lot and perhaps two salt beds; - Lilikalani’s award (LCAw. 9955B) included a portion of the fish pond at Honu‘apo and three salt cellars; - Lepoloa’s award (LCAw. 10008:2) of 0.3 acres appears to have been for 4 kihapai (wauke fields); - Nahakuelua’s award (LCAw.10516:1) was for a salt basin, and two house lots. These kuleana parcels are identified as exclusions to the park property and are shown on Figure 2-2. Sugar Plantation Era The 1870s saw the rise of sugar plantations throughout Kaÿü. Sugar mills were built in Pähala (1868), Hïlea (1878), and Honuÿapo (1881). Honuÿapo and Hïlea plantations became the property of Hutchinson Sugar Company, while Pähala was owned by Hawaiian Agriculture. Sugar from the Pähala sugar mill was originally transported to Punaluÿu wharf for shipping. However, access to Punaluÿu Bay was limited and, after the dredging of Honuÿapo Bay in the 1870s and construction of the landing at Honuÿapo by 1883, most of the sugar in Kaÿü was shipped out of Honuÿapo. A railroad system transported sugar from the mills to Honuÿapo Harbor. Page 17
Honuÿapo Park Final Resources Management Plan Page 18 The concrete pier still visible at Honuÿapo Bay was constructed in 1910. The harbor at Honuÿapo continued operations until 1942. After that, sugar was trucked to Hilo for offisland shipment. While in operation, the Honuÿapo sugar mill used a flume to Old Photograph of Honuÿapo Sugar Mill transport bagasse from the mill directly to the Photograph Courtesy of Iwao Yonemitsu coast and out to the ocean. This practice was discontinued and replaced by settling ponds along the coast after the EPA passed the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972. The Honuÿapo mill was shut down in 1973 and sugar plantation activities in Kaÿü were then centered at the Pähala plantation, under the ownership of C. Brewer Company. In 1996, because of decreasing revenues caused by increasing competition from developing countries and decreasing demand for cane sugar, the Pähala plantation ceased operation. This marked the end of the sugar plantation era in Kaÿü. 2.5 Archaeological Sites Five archaeological studies have been conducted within the Honuÿapo Park property between 1906 and 2009. These studies have recorded over 200 archaeological features, the majority of which are located in the northern portion of the property, in Hiÿonaÿä ahupuaÿa. These studies also indicate that waste fill disposal by the Honuÿapo Sugar Plantation in various areas of the property and particularly around the estuary have likely covered many other archaeological sites. Archaeological feature at Honuÿapo
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APPENDIX B Cultural Resources of th
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It is not only by far the worst par
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…After traveling some time over a
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were “subject to the rights of th
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jealous husband, who resided a shor
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legendary literature reviewed for t
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In 1976, two graduate students (Her
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LCAw. 9225-B, 10190, and 7733 are a
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There were three land grants (821,
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Trails and Roads Extending north/so
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Ellis, W. 2004 [1825] A Journal of
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Schmitt, R. 1973 The Missionary Cen
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Coastal and Estuarine Land Conserva
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APPENDIX D Honuÿapo Park Implement
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Honu'apo Park Resource Management Plan

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