Migration and Rural-Urban Linkages in Ethiopia

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Table 25: Type of support received in or from urban areasFrequency PercentageMoral support during social events 15 9Cash loan 14 8In kind gifts 12 7Just visits/presents 9 5Remittances 6 4Hospitality in urban area 3 2Security/protection in difficult times 3 2Moral support and hospitality in urban areas received by households in Dinki are far lesscommon than in any other site considered here. This reflects the remote nature of the site,which is even less accessible than Korodegaga.Table 26: Type of support provided to people in or from urban areasFrequency PercentageProvision of free labor 22 13Moral support during social events 17 10Sent in kind gifts 10 6Hospitality in rural area 8 5Sent cash 6 4Security/protection in difficult times 5 3Equally, table 26 shows that support provided by households in Dinki to urban dwellersis very low in comparison with the other sites, reflecting the remote nature of thecommunity.56
2.4. Preferences regarding urban centres and geographic locationsThe following table provides evidence about the centres considered important by urbanhouseholds in Kolfe and Shashemene from the RANS.Table 27: The three most important centres for sample householdsKolfeShashemeneFrequency Percentage Frequency PercentageAddis Ababa 77 36 63 14Regional capital 1 0 50 11Zonal town 12 6 23 5Wereda town 6 3 187 41Sub-wereda township 2 1 61 13Rural area 110 52 60 13Neighboring country 0 0 5 1Other African country 1 0 3 1USA 0 0 1 0Middle East/Arabic country 0 0 1 0Other country 2 1 0 0Source: WeD-Ethiopia, Urban RANS, 2005The table indicates a substantial difference between the Kolfe and Shashemene sites. Inparticular, respondents in Shashemene place far greater importance on urban centreswithin the same region than do those in Kolfe. In contrast the answers from Kolfe showthe great importance of rural areas, which contribute over half of the important locationsmentioned.As indicated in table 28, the respondents report that these small urban centres provide notonly market functions but also social support (thirty-four percent in Kolfe and twenty-onepercent in Shashemene), health facilities (five percent in Kolfe and eight percent inShashemene), information / technology (three percent in Kolfe and five percent inShashemene) and entertainment (one percent in Kolfe and five percent in Shashemene).Based on these responses, it is possible to suggest that the growth of small towns mightbe viewed as an important development strategy. The development of such small growthcentres at district and sub-district level could provide multi-purpose functions for therural people and a path for the maximisation of market opportunities even for the urbanpoor who reside in the capital city or other secondary cities in the country.57
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Migration and Rural-Urban Linkages
Page 3 and 4:
ABSTRACTThe paper examines key issu
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND MAPSTab
Page 7 and 8:
Executive SummaryThis study attempt
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of development structure can serve
Page 11 and 12: The paper examines key issues affec
Page 13 and 14: functions. The improvement of physi
Page 15 and 16: agriculture, de-prioritisation of u
Page 17 and 18: The promulgation of ethnic-based fe
Page 19 and 20: including development policies and
Page 21 and 22: Proponents also argue that forms of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: Positive Links between Mi
Page 25 and 26: and voluntary associations as a mec
Page 27 and 28: OSSREA (1995) presents the findings
Page 29 and 30: elated to marriage, notably moving
Page 31 and 32: Table 2: Reason for absenceFrequenc
Page 33 and 34: as well as Tigray, the following as
Page 35 and 36: Table 6: Location where household m
Page 37 and 38: survey in May 2004. Most of these,
Page 39 and 40: Table 9: Location where household m
Page 41 and 42: Table 11: Reason for absenceFrequen
Page 43 and 44: Dinki, Amhara: Out-migration trends
Page 45 and 46: Table 13: Household members away fr
Page 47 and 48: There are still considerable number
Page 49 and 50: 2.2.Type of work and livelihoods of
Page 51 and 52: Migrants work on different terms th
Page 53 and 54: technology and lifestyles. Furtherm
Page 55 and 56: false banana) and maize. Similarly,
Page 57 and 58: sell the alcoholic drink, areke, wh
Page 59 and 60: where there is a sugar plantation,
Page 61: Table 23: Type of support received
Page 65 and 66: urban sites, Kolfe and Shashemene,
Page 67 and 68: 2.6. Labour force and employment op
Page 69 and 70: egion was high and was not impeded
Page 71 and 72: LBox 2: List of migration experienc
Page 73 and 74: Case 5: ES, male, poor, seasonal /s
Page 75 and 76: Case 11: AD, female, Oromia migrant
Page 77 and 78: alleviated by appropriate rural dev
Page 79 and 80: Successive Ethiopian governments to
Page 81 and 82: in providing information about jobs
Page 83 and 84: this recommendation but its impleme
Page 85 and 86: Carney, D., 1998, Sustainable Rural
Page 87 and 88: Kloos, H. (1988). "Ethiopia's Econo
Page 89 and 90: Annex 1: The WeD-Research SitesMap
Page 91 and 92: Map 4:Sketch map of Imdibir85
Page 93 and 94: Map 6:Sketch map of Shashemene87
Page 95 and 96: Map 8:Sketch map of Korodegaga89
Page 97: Table 33: National Rural Migrants P
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