Women and Men in the Caribbean Community

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Women and Men in the Caribbean CommunityTable 5.1 Labour force participation rate for the population aged 15 years and over,1980s, 1990s, and latest available year1980/1981 1990/1991 Latest yearCountry Women Men Women Men Women MenAntigua and Barbuda . . . . . . 60 80 . . . . . .The Bahamas 57 78 64 80 68 80Barbados 63 75 a 46 65 62 75 aBelize 22 83 25 81 37 79Dominica 38 77 39 75 60 75Grenada 41 76 39 69 55 76Guyana 24 80 25 74 40 85 aJamaica b c 64 79 a 62 77 a 57 73Montserrat 48 77 50 73 . . . . . .St. Kitts and Nevis 46 77 57 77 . . . . . .Saint Lucia 44 83 50 78 63 76 dSt. Vincent and Grenadines 38 81 45 81 . . . . . .Suriname 21 55 a 44 68 a 34 62Trinidad and Tobago 31 78 34 74 46 75Source: Compiled by the CARICOM Secretariat from (i) 1980-1981 Population and Housing Census of theCommonwealth Caribbean- National Reports, (ii) 1990-1991 Population and Housing Census of theCommonwealth Caribbean-Volume of Basic Tables for Sixteen CARICOM Countries,Regional Census Office,Trinidad and Tobago; (iii) National labour force survey reports; (iv) data submitted to CARICOM by MemberStates; and (v) Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002, KILM 1. International Labour Office, Geneva:2002.a Compiled from KILM.b Refers to age 14 years and over.c Data for 1984.d Compiled from http://www.stats.gov.lc/laba24.htm.The increases for women may largely be related to structural changes taking place in thelabour market around the world, with shifts from agriculture towards services (InternationalLabour Office, 1995). According to the World Bank, in the Caribbean as in Latin America,the output of the service sector has continued to grow faster than the rest of the economy(The World Bank, 1998; p. 170). In the 1990s, agriculture and services employed proportionatelymore men than women. There was an even higher concentration of women in servicesin 2000 relative to men (tables 5.18 and 5.19, see pages 111 and 112).Age Patterns of Economic ActivityAge Patterns of Economic Activity Vary among Women but Similar among MenThere are significant variations in women’s economic activity—the differences are betweencountries both in levels of participation, and in changes that occur over their life cycles.Variations are most notable over the reproductive ages (15-49 years), during which anyconflicts that might be associated with combining labour market work and householdresponsibilities are likely to be manifested. For men, on the other hand, the age patterns aregenerally similar between countries and vary in levels only within a narrow range, for almostall age groups (chart 5.1).80
Chapter 5: WORKChart 5.1 Latest increases in women's activity rates substantial in most countriesRates (%)100Economic activity rates for population aged 15 years and overEconomic activity rates for population aged 15 years and over806040200Suriname Belize Guyana Trinidad andTobagoSource: Based on table 5.1.Grenada Jamaica Dominica Barbados Saint Lucia TheBahamasWomen, 1980 Women, 1990 Women, LatestMen, 1980 Men, 1990 Men, LatestThe general pattern for men is: low participation rates at the starting age group of 15-19 years,rising sharply up through 20-24 years, remaining high at a plateau for the middle age groupsuntil the ages 50-54 years, and declining thereafter. There are wide variations inparticipation rates predominantly for the 15-19 age group (table 5.2 and chart 5.1), withmost rates under 60 per cent in both 1980 and 1990, for which data are available for mostcountries. The data for four countries in 2000 (chart 5.2) show this pattern to be valid forthree countries (Barbados, Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago). For Suriname, the exceptionto this male pattern, the economic activity rate of those 15-19 years and 20-24 years are muchlower than the rates in the other countries, signaling a delay of entry into the labour marketfor young men, almost similar to that of women. The activity rate for men in Suriname peaksat an older age (40-44 years) and rises more gradually than in the other countries. After ages50-54 years, the pattern resembles those of the other countries.The participation of 15-19 year-old boys in Suriname is less than 10 per cent, at least 20percentage points lower than for boys of the same age group in Barbados, Dominica andTrinidad and Tobago, representing about 30 percentage points lower than the rate for boys inthe age group 20-24 years.81
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PrefaceThis report, Women and Men i
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Sources of Data for the ReportThe P
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SOURCES OF DATAEducationData on gro
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Women and Men in the Caribbean Community

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