Women and Men in the Caribbean Community

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Women and Men in the Caribbean CommunityTable 5.25 Mean monthly income of the employed population by occupational group,Trinidad and Tobago, 1990 and 1997Mean monthly income1990 1997Occupational GroupWomen MenRatio ofW/M Women MenRatio ofW/MClerks 1,800 2,000 90 2,000 2,200 91Architects, engineers and related technicians 2,100 2,600 81 2,900 3,400 85Professionals 3,100 4,000 78 4,800 5,900 81Elementary occupations 700 1,000 70 800 1,300 62Administrative and managerial workers 1,700 2,700 63 2,200 3,900 56Craft and related workers 800 1,300 62 800 1,700 47Agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 500 900 56 700 1,100 64Plant and machine operators and assemblers 1,000 1,800 56 1,000 2,000 50Service (incl. Armed/Defense force), shop andmarket sales workers900 4,000 23 1,100 2,100 52Source: Based on data compiled by the CARICOM Secretariat from national labour force reports anddata submitted by Member States.Women Earn Less than Men but Wage Gap Least among Paid EmployeesWomen employers did far worse than any other category relative to men: they earned an averageincome of 38 per cent of what men earned in 1990. However, their earnings improvedsubstantially relative to men, earning about 77 per cent of what men earned in 1997. In theother statuses—paid employee and own-account worker—women’s average incomeincreased, but by proportionately less than men’s. Therefore, the ratio of women’s to men’sincome also declined. Since employers and own-account workers are independent workers,operating their own businesses, this difference in income is a reflection of how well women’senterprises do, compared with those of men (table 5.26). The relative lack of success ofwomen’s enterprises may be directly linked to their inability to access support, such as credit,technical assistance, management training, etc., as well as competing demands on their timeof domestic duties.Table 5.26 Mean income by status in employment, Trinidad and Tobago, 1990 and 1997Mean (TT$)1990 1997RatioRatioStatus in employment Women Men W/M Women Men W/MPaid employee 1,600 1,800 89 1,900 2,200 86Employer 900 2,400 38 2,400 3,100 77Own-account worker 700 900 78 900 1,300 69All statuses 1,400 1,600 88 1,700 2,000 85Source: Continuous Sample Survey of Population (CSSP) Labour force Report 1992,table 36, pages 112-114; and CSSP Labour force report 1997 table 7, pages 170-173.122
CHAPTER 6DATA REQUIREMENTSAND GAPSThis report breaks new ground in national and regional statistical collection in its attemptto use gender as a critical variable. While adequate data have not always been available,efforts to locate women’s presence and to note gender differentials have begun to provide hardfacts to guide the long process of gender justice and equity. What remains significant is theestablishment of a statistical context within which the Caribbean Region is observing andbeginning to negotiate gender concerns.The report has focused on three key areas that are fundamental to the assessment of equalopportunities for women and men—health, education and work: these are three of the 12critical areas of the Beijing Platform for Action. The study has been limited to these areas,partly because they are, for the Caribbean Region, major areas of concern. In addition, dataare relatively more abundant on these topics than on the other areas in the Platform forAction. Still, there are clearly issues in health, education and work for which relevant datahave not been available to undertake further analysis, or to answer questions of interrelationshipsthat could help explain gender differences, national variations and trends in theobserved levels and patterns. For example, statistical indicators on the nature, level andsuccess of women-owned business enterprises could supply much-needed evidence to theemerging debate on the efficacy of micro-entrepreneurship as a poverty reduction strategy forwomen and youth. The chapters on Population, and Households and Families, however, beginto provide some context to the discussion of topics of major concern.Data Gaps and DeficienciesThe problems with the data relate to three main issues:• Availability of data on gender specific issues and questions;• Accessibility of the data;• Comparability of the data.123
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