Duane W. Roller

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WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY Series Editors: Ronnie Ancona and Sarah B. Pomeroy Th is book series provides compact and accessible introductions to the life and historical times of women from the ancient world. Approaching ancient history and culture broadly, the series selects fi gures from the earliest of times to late antiquity. Cleopatra A Biography <strong>Duane</strong> W. <strong>Roller</strong>
Page 2: Cleopatra
Page 8: Oxford University Press, Inc., publ
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Page 20: last of the true Hellenistic rulers
Page 32: primary accomplishment was ruining
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Page 40: Ptolemaic fl eet, again commanded b
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companions, Cleopatra I, who could
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Dionysiac festivals. 15 He married
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with issues before their term was o
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he had become involved. Soon the Ro
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was getting nowhere and asked for t
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including pirates, brigands, and fu
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the kingship’s linkage to the god
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Th e history of the Ptolemaic dynas
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Th eophrastos to Egypt, perhaps wit
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administration, had not read the tr
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collapsed in the face of the overwh
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Cleopatra I survived him by only fo
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Th e year aft er he wrote his will,
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world’s fi nest library and its a
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eputation. On the other hand, he mi
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Seleukid in the time of Cleopatra
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the great opponent of Roman expansi
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certain Diokles, who seemed to have
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Roman fi gures of the era. 10 He to
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at the time—but she would have he
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armies met at Pharsalos on 9 August
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palace and with an impassioned spee
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which fell to a vigorous attack by
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importance. But this latter point a
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Caesarion, a patronymic, probably n
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so long. 14 Her presence did not en
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was probably in the city at the tim
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Aft er Philippi, Antonius emerged a
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FIGURE 6. View of modern Tarsos. Co
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Alexandrian populace, in part becau
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the useful political connections re
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Although the exact birth date canno
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she still remains elusive and oft e
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in Tarentum managed by Octavia the
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since her ancestors had ruled Egypt
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To the south, she received the terr
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implementation was repeatedly postp
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approach of Octavia as a major thre
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of the vision of the future that Cl
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who were harassing farmers, and she
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silk, precious stones, aromatics, a
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architect; since an earlier Dexipha
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Th e most signifi cant architectura
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one might think, would ensure its s
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Rome, in Egypt the queen was still
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that had been on the Capitol but ha
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aff ected by Rome. Her primary goal
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Herod claimed that he was too young
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when open warfare broke out between
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hetorician Philostratos (for Cleopa
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of Antiochos of Askalon, are rememb
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Homeric scholar Aristarchos of Samo
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Octavian. 4 Octavia continued to at
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times of diffi culty, a Sibylline o
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acts has achieved particular fame i
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support his needs. 40 Forgery or no
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(Corfu) and coastal Epeiros, where
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following months that he was forced
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Octavian, who needed Herod as much
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his troops. Cleopatra was also thre
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provoking his known suicidal tenden
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saw her suicide as an act of suprem
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preserved but also wished to save h
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was brought to Rome and set up as a
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and brought Juba’s infant son to
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prohibited to the allied kings, and
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the Alexandrian War, which continue
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3. Cleopatra’s Mother Because the
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4. Was Cleopatra a Roman Citizen? U
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5. Some Ancient Literary Descriptio
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As much tribute as Rome received fr
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6. The Iconography of Cleopatra VII
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marble, it has the same hairstyle,
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Cleopatra is shown in profi le maki
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such—and became a paradigm of her
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Much of Cleopatra’s coinage refl
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CP: Classical Philology CQ: Classic
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5. Heckel, Who’s Who, 246-48. 6.
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54. OGIS 186; Sullivan, Near Easter
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59. Polybios 31.10, 17-20. 60. SEG
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40. Plant, Women Writers of Ancient
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.c. (see LSJ). Th e meaning is clea
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12. For an alternative view, see B
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62. Augustus F4 (= Martial 11.20);
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47. He may have received honors on
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39. Minnen, “Royal Ordinance of C
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87. Herodotos 2.59, 156. 88. IG 2.2
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12. Suda, “Habron.” 13. Strabo,
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36. Plutarch, Antonius 56.2-3. 37.
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94. Suetonius, Augustus 17.4: “pu
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8. For the issues, see Roller, Worl
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in 1955 by Olga Elia (“La tradizi
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Barnes, T. D. “Some Persons in th
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Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “Th e Languag
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Kleiner, Diana E. E., and Bridget B
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———. “Th e Genealogy of the
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Th ompson, Dorothy J. “Athenaeus
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Arrian: Anabasis, Book 3: 1.3-4, 19
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Homer (continued) Odyssey 4.220-32,
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Plutarch (continued) 208n105, 212n5
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Epigraphic Sources CIL 3.7232, 204n
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Alexandria, city in Egypt (continue
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Athens, Athenians (continued) Cleop
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Cornelia, Roman matron, 42, 95, 168
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Hera, Greek goddess, 77 Herakleides
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Marcellus, C. Claudius, Roman offi
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Pompeii, Italian city, 174-75, 178,
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Statilius Crito, T., Greek physicia
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Duane W. Roller

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