Duane W. Roller

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203n43, 204n52; 132, 203n35, 211n34; 133, 213n93 Loukianos, How to Write History 62, 205n38 Lucan: Book 2: 586–87, 190n23 Book 5: 58–64, 197n23 Book 8: 448, 197n23; 448–49, 197n20; 472–712, 197n31 Book 10: 56–60, 197n36; 67, 198n40; 82–84, 197n36; 107–71, 211n12; 111–71, 207n63; 136–71, 201n50; 141–43, 205n20; 172–331, 210n18; 189–92, 198n64; 268, 199n59 Macrobius, Satires 3.17.14, 211n15, 211n22 Malalas: Book 8: 197, 208n99, 208n107 Book 9: 216, 206n54; 217, 197n24, 199n65, 206n53; 218, 205n38, 206n50; 219, 189n3, 213n85, 214n96 Martial 4.59.5–6, 207n65; 11.20, 200n31, 202n62, 211n17 Minucius Felix, Octavius 23.1, 212n52 Nikolaos of Damascus, Life of Augustus 20, 199n8, 212n41 Orosios 6.15.31–32, 198n43; 6.19.20, 205n15 Ovid, Metamorphoses 15.825–28, 210n8 Paulos of Aigina 3.2.1, 195n38 Pausanias 1.6.2, 190n6; 1.6.3, 192n9; 1.6.8, 193n28; 1.7, 193n30, 193n34; 1.9.3, 191n33, 215n3; 8.46.5, 208n101 Philon, Embassy to Gaius 151, 206n59 Philostratos, Lives of the Sophists 5, 195n15, 196n44 Pliny, Natural History: Book 2: 39–40, 210n17 Book 5: 11, 215n31; 58, 196n9, 204n1 Book 6: 174, 205n16; 183, 195n21, 205n16 Book 8: 4, 208n101 Book 9: 119–21, 211n22; 122, 211n25 Book 12: 56–81, 195n23 Book 18: 211–12, 210n17 Book 19: 22, 212n56 Book 21: 12, 210n7 Book 25: 5–7, 195n36 Book 30: 4, 195n28 Book 32: 2–4, 212n57 Book 33: 50, 211n15; 136–37, 190n24 Book 34: 31, 203n26; 58, 211n29 Book 36: 69, 206n60; 83, 193n40, 206n49 Book 37: 24, 205n16 Plutarch: Alexander 27.6, 211n20 Antonius 2–3, 200n33; 3, 191n41, 191n43; 10.3, 200n32; 12, 200n22; 24, 208n104; 25.3, 197n18, 197n21; 26, 170, 200n35, 201n42, 208n104; 27, 169, 189n4, 192n11, 195n17; 28, 201n50, 209n3; 28–30, 201n46; 29, 189n6; 30–1, 202n63; 30.2, 201n56; 33, 201n56, 202n1; 35, 202n3; 36, 201n58, 202n3, 202n5, 202n10, 203n21; 37, 203n33, 203n36; 37–51, 203n31; 50, 203n37, 203n43, 203n44; 52–53, 203n40; 54, 199n2, 203n46, 208n93; 55, 210n2; 56.2–3, 212n36; 56–68, 211n34; 58, 200n16, 206n52, 210n9, 211n28; 59, 205n13, 209n7, 211n18; 60, Index of Passages Cited 235
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Cleopatra
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CLEOPATRA A BIOGRAPHY Duane W. Roll
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Contents List of Illustrations vii
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Illustrations Maps 1. Cleopatra’s
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Preface History, sir, will tell lie
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was largely performed in the Harvar
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Cleopatra
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Introduction few personalities from
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daughter of Ptolemy I, who defi ned
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the Aegean. He also came to Egypt f
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post-antique material so greatly ov
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her court, and the Libyka of her so
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Carthage Rome 0 100 200 300 mi 0 10
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Pharos Island G R E AT HARBOR Hepta
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CHAPTER ONE Cleopatra’s Ancestry
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that her father would be the last s
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persona as the diffi dent bastard f
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consul at an early age in 70 b.c. (
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throne. Th e circumstances are uncl
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the inhabitants of Pelousion. King
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Writing such a will shows unexpecte
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CHAPTER two The Ptolemaic Heritage
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Th e failure of the Classical city-
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But at the same time the move creat
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A fi nal concern for the king had n
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incestuous practices. He was forced
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emained neutral, and when Rome inva
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of Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII, demons
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CHAPTER three Cleopatra’s Youth a
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him as a scholar. 12 Th e most famo
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in Trogodytika or Ethiopia aft er A
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has problems: in addition to its ob
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environment. Th e section on weight
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CHAPTER four Becoming Queen (51-47
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FIGURE 3. Basalt statue of Cleopatr
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Ptolemy XIII, who was only about 11
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to the priesthood of Ptah, the vene
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under control, but wisely ordered r
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Cleopatra, and only the outcome is
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since Cleopatra’s elder sister, B
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made plans for a Kaisareion, a cult
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CHAPTER FIVE Consolidating the Empi
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FIGURE 4. South wall of the Temple
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FIGURE 5. View of Forum Julium in R
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Cleopatra was pregnant but suff ere
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next decade moving as liaison betwe
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in its simplicity. Yet Cleopatra wa
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the sister-wife of Maussolos, in th
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empire. Kilikia would also provide
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that would encourage Antonius to le
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Cleopatra, like Antonius, saw poten
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CHAPTER six The Peak Years (40-34 b
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many territories and the establishm
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Because there was no longer a Seleu
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his own political agenda. 24 In fac
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Meanwhile the Parthian expedition h
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But there never was to be a Parthia
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Country”). 54 Th is is both an al
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CHAPTER seven The Operation of the
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to the Nile. In the fi rst century
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directly to his death, 29 and her l
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military purposes. Caesar removed a
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in its complete stage, with stoas,
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highest quality. Archaeological fi
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her brother Osiris, whom Greeks saw
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the darker side of the triumvir. Sh
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came from someone that both dynasts
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of any further involvement in Herod
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CHAPTER eight Scholarship and Cultu
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in the third century b.c. His major
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Th essalonike that mentions an amet
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CHAPTER nine Downfall (34-30 b.c.)
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her great wealth and her disdain fo
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party costumed as the water divinit
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various allied kings were also summ
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territory to her children and desir
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himself was almost captured. Cleopa
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attempt to raise as much funding as
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(“Ptolemy called Caesar”); the
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to Octavian. Th e force then moved
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and she blamed Antonius for everyth
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poets were writing about the asp—
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Epilogue octavian annexed egypt as
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eign. Cleopatra’s teacher Philost
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for the Arabian peninsula and its e
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Appendices
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1. Outline of Cleopatra’s Life an
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and returns to Rome. Antagonism bet
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2. Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies
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Cleopatra VII’s own off spring we
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Rather than receive citizenship fro
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Taking only Apollodoros the Sicilia
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fallen and heavy in the head, was a
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assumed to be accurate visual repre
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Nahman (1868-1948), has a striking
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a decade aft er the queen’s death
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FIGURE 11. Coins of Cleopatra VII:
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on most of her coin portraits, and
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Abbreviations AHDE: Annuario de his
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RÉG: Revue des études grecques Rh
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Notes Introduction 1. Vergil, Aenei
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29. Suetonius, Divine Julius 54; Ca
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26. Strabo, Geography 17.1.42. 27.
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13. Suetonius, Augustus 89.1; Pluta
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16. Ricketts, “Chronological Prob
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62. Strabo, Geography 17.1.16. 63.
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38. Appian, Civil War 5.8. 39. Jose
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15. Josephus, Jewish War 1.398-99,
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10. Strabo, Geography 14.5.6. 11. L
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65. Martial 4.59.5-6. 66. Tacitus,
Page 446: 118. Strabo, Geography 17.1.9. 119.
Page 450: 10. Juba (FGrHist #275) F87 (= Athe
Page 454: 67. W. R. Johnson, “Quean [sic],
Page 458: 21. Dio 51.21.8; Plutarch, Antonius
Page 462: 29. Rosicrucian Museum 1586; Walker
Page 466: Bibliography Adamson, P. B. “Cons
Page 470: Buttrey, Th eodore V., Jr. “Th ea
Page 474: ———. “Th e Regnal Years of
Page 478: ———. “An Offi cial Act of C
Page 482: Scarborough, John. “Dioskourides
Page 486: Weill Goudchaux, Guy. “Cleopatra
Page 490: Index of Passages Cited Italicized
Page 494: 197n36; 35, 196n15, 197n20; 36.3, 1
Page 500: Plutarch (continued) 208n105, 212n5
Page 504: Epigraphic Sources CIL 3.7232, 204n
Page 508: Alexandria, city in Egypt (continue
Page 512: Athens, Athenians (continued) Cleop
Page 516: Cornelia, Roman matron, 42, 95, 168
Page 520: Hera, Greek goddess, 77 Herakleides
Page 524: Marcellus, C. Claudius, Roman offi
Page 528: Pompeii, Italian city, 174-75, 178,
Page 532: Statilius Crito, T., Greek physicia
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Duane W. Roller

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