Duane W. Roller

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CP: Classical Philology CQ: Classical Quarterly CSSH: Comparative Studies in Society and History CW: Classical World DSB: Dictionary of Scientifi c Biography EANS: Th e Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists (ed. Paul T. Keyser and Georgia L. Irby-Massie, London, 2008) ÉtPap: Études de papyrologie FGrHist: F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker (Leiden, 1968–) G&R: Greece and Rome GM: Göttinger Miszellen GRBS: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies HSCP: Harvard Studies in Classical Philology IG: Inscriptiones Graecae IstMitt: Istanbuler Mitteilungen JBM: Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen JEA: Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JHS: Journal of Hellenic Studies JNG: Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte JRS: Journal of Roman Studies LSJ: A Greek-English Lexicon (ed. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones, 9th ed., Oxford, 1977) MAAR: Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome MusHelv: Museum Helveticum OGIS: Wilhelm Dittenberger, Orientis graeci inscriptiones selectae (Leipzig, 1905) ÖJh: Jahreshefte des Osterreichischen Archäologischen Instituts in Wien OpRom: Opuscula Romana OxyPap: Th e Oxyrhynchus Papyri (ed. Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt, London, 1989–) PACA: Proceedings of the African Classical Associations PBSR: Papers of the British School at Rome PECS: Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites PP: La parola del passato RA: Revue archéologique RAAN: Rendiconti dell’Accademica di Archeologia, Napoli RE: Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft 186 Cleopatra
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Cleopatra
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CLEOPATRA A BIOGRAPHY Duane W. Roll
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Contents List of Illustrations vii
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Illustrations Maps 1. Cleopatra’s
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Preface History, sir, will tell lie
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was largely performed in the Harvar
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Cleopatra
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Introduction few personalities from
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daughter of Ptolemy I, who defi ned
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the Aegean. He also came to Egypt f
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post-antique material so greatly ov
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her court, and the Libyka of her so
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Carthage Rome 0 100 200 300 mi 0 10
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Pharos Island G R E AT HARBOR Hepta
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CHAPTER ONE Cleopatra’s Ancestry
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that her father would be the last s
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persona as the diffi dent bastard f
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consul at an early age in 70 b.c. (
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throne. Th e circumstances are uncl
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the inhabitants of Pelousion. King
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Writing such a will shows unexpecte
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CHAPTER two The Ptolemaic Heritage
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Th e failure of the Classical city-
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But at the same time the move creat
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A fi nal concern for the king had n
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incestuous practices. He was forced
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emained neutral, and when Rome inva
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of Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII, demons
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CHAPTER three Cleopatra’s Youth a
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him as a scholar. 12 Th e most famo
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in Trogodytika or Ethiopia aft er A
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has problems: in addition to its ob
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environment. Th e section on weight
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CHAPTER four Becoming Queen (51-47
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FIGURE 3. Basalt statue of Cleopatr
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Ptolemy XIII, who was only about 11
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to the priesthood of Ptah, the vene
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under control, but wisely ordered r
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Cleopatra, and only the outcome is
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since Cleopatra’s elder sister, B
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made plans for a Kaisareion, a cult
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CHAPTER FIVE Consolidating the Empi
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FIGURE 4. South wall of the Temple
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FIGURE 5. View of Forum Julium in R
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Cleopatra was pregnant but suff ere
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next decade moving as liaison betwe
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in its simplicity. Yet Cleopatra wa
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the sister-wife of Maussolos, in th
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empire. Kilikia would also provide
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that would encourage Antonius to le
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Cleopatra, like Antonius, saw poten
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CHAPTER six The Peak Years (40-34 b
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many territories and the establishm
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Because there was no longer a Seleu
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his own political agenda. 24 In fac
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Meanwhile the Parthian expedition h
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But there never was to be a Parthia
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Country”). 54 Th is is both an al
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CHAPTER seven The Operation of the
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to the Nile. In the fi rst century
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directly to his death, 29 and her l
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military purposes. Caesar removed a
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in its complete stage, with stoas,
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highest quality. Archaeological fi
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her brother Osiris, whom Greeks saw
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the darker side of the triumvir. Sh
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came from someone that both dynasts
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of any further involvement in Herod
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CHAPTER eight Scholarship and Cultu
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in the third century b.c. His major
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Th essalonike that mentions an amet
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CHAPTER nine Downfall (34-30 b.c.)
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her great wealth and her disdain fo
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party costumed as the water divinit
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various allied kings were also summ
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territory to her children and desir
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himself was almost captured. Cleopa
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attempt to raise as much funding as
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(“Ptolemy called Caesar”); the
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to Octavian. Th e force then moved
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and she blamed Antonius for everyth
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poets were writing about the asp—
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Epilogue octavian annexed egypt as
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eign. Cleopatra’s teacher Philost
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for the Arabian peninsula and its e
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Appendices
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1. Outline of Cleopatra’s Life an
Page 350: and returns to Rome. Antagonism bet
Page 354: 2. Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies
Page 360: Cleopatra VII’s own off spring we
Page 364: Rather than receive citizenship fro
Page 368: Taking only Apollodoros the Sicilia
Page 372: fallen and heavy in the head, was a
Page 376: assumed to be accurate visual repre
Page 380: Nahman (1868-1948), has a striking
Page 384: a decade aft er the queen’s death
Page 390: FIGURE 11. Coins of Cleopatra VII:
Page 394: on most of her coin portraits, and
Page 398: Abbreviations AHDE: Annuario de his
Page 404: This page intentionally left blank
Page 408: 5. Heckel, Who’s Who, 246-48. 6.
Page 412: 54. OGIS 186; Sullivan, Near Easter
Page 416: 59. Polybios 31.10, 17-20. 60. SEG
Page 420: 40. Plant, Women Writers of Ancient
Page 424: .c. (see LSJ). Th e meaning is clea
Page 428: 12. For an alternative view, see B
Page 432: 62. Augustus F4 (= Martial 11.20);
Page 436: 47. He may have received honors on
Page 440: 39. Minnen, “Royal Ordinance of C
Page 444: 87. Herodotos 2.59, 156. 88. IG 2.2
Page 448: 12. Suda, “Habron.” 13. Strabo,
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36. Plutarch, Antonius 56.2-3. 37.
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94. Suetonius, Augustus 17.4: “pu
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8. For the issues, see Roller, Worl
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in 1955 by Olga Elia (“La tradizi
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Barnes, T. D. “Some Persons in th
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Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “Th e Languag
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Kleiner, Diana E. E., and Bridget B
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———. “Th e Genealogy of the
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Th ompson, Dorothy J. “Athenaeus
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This page intentionally left blank
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Arrian: Anabasis, Book 3: 1.3-4, 19
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Homer (continued) Odyssey 4.220-32,
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Plutarch (continued) 208n105, 212n5
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Epigraphic Sources CIL 3.7232, 204n
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Alexandria, city in Egypt (continue
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Athens, Athenians (continued) Cleop
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Cornelia, Roman matron, 42, 95, 168
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Hera, Greek goddess, 77 Herakleides
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Marcellus, C. Claudius, Roman offi
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Pompeii, Italian city, 174-75, 178,
Page 532:
Statilius Crito, T., Greek physicia
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Duane W. Roller

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