Duane W. Roller

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it is recognized that modern constructs may be more useful than precise accuracy. It should also be noted that Octavian, the grandnephew and heir of Julius Caesar, and Cleopatra’s Roman opponent, took the name Augustus in 27 b.c. Although most of the references to him are before that date, those aft erward use the latter name. 10 Cleopatra
Page 2: Cleopatra
Page 6: CLEOPATRA A BIOGRAPHY Duane W. Roll
Page 10: Contents List of Illustrations vii
Page 14: Illustrations Maps 1. Cleopatra’s
Page 18: Preface History, sir, will tell lie
Page 22: was largely performed in the Harvar
Page 26: Cleopatra
Page 30: Introduction few personalities from
Page 34: daughter of Ptolemy I, who defi ned
Page 38: the Aegean. He also came to Egypt f
Page 42: post-antique material so greatly ov
Page 46: her court, and the Libyka of her so
Page 52: Paraitonion N Alexandria 0 50 100 1
Page 56: This page intentionally left blank
Page 60: companions, Cleopatra I, who could
Page 64: Dionysiac festivals. 15 He married
Page 68: with issues before their term was o
Page 72: he had become involved. Soon the Ro
Page 76: was getting nowhere and asked for t
Page 80: including pirates, brigands, and fu
Page 84: This page intentionally left blank
Page 88: the kingship’s linkage to the god
Page 92: Th e history of the Ptolemaic dynas
Page 96: Th eophrastos to Egypt, perhaps wit
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administration, had not read the tr
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collapsed in the face of the overwh
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Cleopatra I survived him by only fo
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Th e year aft er he wrote his will,
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world’s fi nest library and its a
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eputation. On the other hand, he mi
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Seleukid in the time of Cleopatra
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the great opponent of Roman expansi
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This page intentionally left blank
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certain Diokles, who seemed to have
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Roman fi gures of the era. 10 He to
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at the time—but she would have he
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armies met at Pharsalos on 9 August
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palace and with an impassioned spee
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which fell to a vigorous attack by
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importance. But this latter point a
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Caesarion, a patronymic, probably n
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so long. 14 Her presence did not en
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was probably in the city at the tim
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Aft er Philippi, Antonius emerged a
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FIGURE 6. View of modern Tarsos. Co
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Alexandrian populace, in part becau
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the useful political connections re
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Although the exact birth date canno
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she still remains elusive and oft e
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in Tarentum managed by Octavia the
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since her ancestors had ruled Egypt
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To the south, she received the terr
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implementation was repeatedly postp
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approach of Octavia as a major thre
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of the vision of the future that Cl
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who were harassing farmers, and she
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silk, precious stones, aromatics, a
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architect; since an earlier Dexipha
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Th e most signifi cant architectura
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one might think, would ensure its s
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Rome, in Egypt the queen was still
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that had been on the Capitol but ha
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aff ected by Rome. Her primary goal
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Herod claimed that he was too young
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when open warfare broke out between
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hetorician Philostratos (for Cleopa
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of Antiochos of Askalon, are rememb
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Homeric scholar Aristarchos of Samo
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Octavian. 4 Octavia continued to at
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times of diffi culty, a Sibylline o
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acts has achieved particular fame i
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support his needs. 40 Forgery or no
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(Corfu) and coastal Epeiros, where
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following months that he was forced
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Octavian, who needed Herod as much
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his troops. Cleopatra was also thre
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provoking his known suicidal tenden
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saw her suicide as an act of suprem
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preserved but also wished to save h
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was brought to Rome and set up as a
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and brought Juba’s infant son to
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prohibited to the allied kings, and
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the Alexandrian War, which continue
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3. Cleopatra’s Mother Because the
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4. Was Cleopatra a Roman Citizen? U
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5. Some Ancient Literary Descriptio
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As much tribute as Rome received fr
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6. The Iconography of Cleopatra VII
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marble, it has the same hairstyle,
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Cleopatra is shown in profi le maki
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such—and became a paradigm of her
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Much of Cleopatra’s coinage refl
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CP: Classical Philology CQ: Classic
Page 404:
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5. Heckel, Who’s Who, 246-48. 6.
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54. OGIS 186; Sullivan, Near Easter
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59. Polybios 31.10, 17-20. 60. SEG
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40. Plant, Women Writers of Ancient
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.c. (see LSJ). Th e meaning is clea
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12. For an alternative view, see B
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62. Augustus F4 (= Martial 11.20);
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47. He may have received honors on
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39. Minnen, “Royal Ordinance of C
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87. Herodotos 2.59, 156. 88. IG 2.2
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12. Suda, “Habron.” 13. Strabo,
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36. Plutarch, Antonius 56.2-3. 37.
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94. Suetonius, Augustus 17.4: “pu
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8. For the issues, see Roller, Worl
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in 1955 by Olga Elia (“La tradizi
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Barnes, T. D. “Some Persons in th
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Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “Th e Languag
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Kleiner, Diana E. E., and Bridget B
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———. “Th e Genealogy of the
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Th ompson, Dorothy J. “Athenaeus
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Arrian: Anabasis, Book 3: 1.3-4, 19
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Homer (continued) Odyssey 4.220-32,
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Plutarch (continued) 208n105, 212n5
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Epigraphic Sources CIL 3.7232, 204n
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Alexandria, city in Egypt (continue
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Athens, Athenians (continued) Cleop
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Cornelia, Roman matron, 42, 95, 168
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Hera, Greek goddess, 77 Herakleides
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Marcellus, C. Claudius, Roman offi
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Pompeii, Italian city, 174-75, 178,
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Statilius Crito, T., Greek physicia
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Duane W. Roller

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