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Imatest Documentation where luminance ratio is the ratio of the maximum luminance to the luminance in the area of interest, for example, the mean value of the corners. Example: The first and second figures, above, are derived from the same image file. In the first figure, the mean pixel level at the corners relative to the center is 0.666/0.905 = 0.736 (73.6%). Since γ is assumed to be 0.5 (fairly typical of encoding gamma of digital cameras, the exposure at the corners relative to the center is 0.736 1/γ = 0 .736 2 = 0.5416. The corresponding f-stop loss = log2(0.5416) = 3.322 log10(0.5416) = -0.885 f-stops. There is a slight discrepancy with the second figure, which calculates the mean at the corners (0.894 f-stops) after taking the logarithm to convert results into f-stops. Additional figures are illustrated in Light Falloff: Imatest Master . .CSV and XML output files The .CSV output file contains additional statistics. Most have obvious meanings. Image pixels contains the width, height, and total size in pixels. Hot and Dead pixels show the total count and the fraction (divided to total pixels) The x and y coordinates of the hot and dead pixels are listed. The maximum is 100. Coordinates are in pixels from the top-left. Contact Imatest if you need additional .CSV output.The optional XML output file contains results similar to the .CSV file. Its contents are largely self-explanatory. It is stored in [root name].xml. XML output will be used for extensions to Imatest, such as databases, to be written by Imatest and third parties. Contact us if you have questions or suggestions. Saving results At the end of the run, a dialog box for saving results appears. It allows you to select figures to save and choose where to save them. The default is subdirectory Results in the data file directory. You can change to another existing directory, but new results directories must be created outside of Imatest— using a utility such as Windows Explorer. (This is a limitation of this version of Matlab.) The selections are saved between runs. You can examine the output figures before you check or uncheck the boxes. Figures, CSV, and XML data are saved in files whose names consist of a root file name with a suffix for plot type and channel (R, G, B, or Y) and extension. Example: IMG_9875_ISO1600_RGB_f-stop_ctrG.png. The root file name defaults to the image file name, but can be changed using the Results root file name box. Be sure to press enter. Checking Close figures after save is recommended for preventing a buildup of figures (which slows down most systems) in batch runs. After you click on Yes or No , the Imatest main window reappears. Figures can be saved as either PNG files (a standard losslessly-compressed image file format) or as Matlab FIG files, which can be opened by the Open Fig file button in the Imatest main window. Fig files can be manipulated (zoomed and rotated), but they tend to require more storage than PNG files. They are especially nice because 3D files can be reopened and rotated, but you should exercise caution because 3D files can be very large— often several megabytes. The CSV and XML files contain EXIF data, which is image file metadata that contains important camera, lens, and exposure settings. By default, Imatest uses a small program, jhead.exe, which works only with JPEG files, to read EXIF data. To read detailed EXIF data from all image file formats, we recommend downloading, installing, and selecting Phil Harvey's ExifTool, as described here. Links Vignetting by Paul van Walree, who has excellent descriptions of several of the lens (Seidel) aberrations and other causes of optical degradation. 334 of 451
Imatest Documentation Uniformity (Light Falloff): Imatest Master Instructions for Imatest Master This section describes Light Falloff (Uniformity) features available with Imatest Master. Light Falloff was originally intended to measure lens vignetting (dropoff in illumination at the edges of the image), but it can measure a variety of image nonuniformities— resulting from the lens, illumination, or sensor— including color shading, noise distribution, and spots from dust. Basic instructions are found in Using Light Falloff. Input dialog box New in Imatest 3.4 (Master-only) 3D figures are available for contour, color shading, and find detail plots (including spot detection). New in Imatest 3.1 Several images can be combined (averaged) to facilitate fixed pattern noise display. The hot/dead pixel display can be set to count pixels that meet the criteria for all channels, any channel (the former default), or the selected channel. The Color shading display includes several additional ∆E measurements, including ∆E 2000. The following options are available in all Imatest versions: Title Defaults to the file name. You can change it if you wish. Display Light Falloff contour plots (Plot area; on by default). Turns the main light falloff contour plots off or on. Normally on (checked), but may be turned off by Imatest Master users interested in other results, such as hot/dead pixels and color shading. Four display options are available. Normalized refers to the first (level) plot only. Examples on Using Light Falloff. Contours superposed on image (not normalized) Contours superposed on image (normalized to 1) Pseudocolor with colorbar (not normalized) Pseudocolor with colorbar (normalized to 1) Speedup When checked, several results (those that require significant calculation time) are not calculated (and hence not saved in the CSV output file) if the corresponding plot is not selected. This can save significant time in production environments. If you need to use Speedup, you should run Light Falloff with and without Speedup checked and examine the CSV output file to see if it contains the results you require. Gamma The default value of gamma, 0.5, is typical for digital cameras. Gamma affects the second figure (the light falloff measured in f-stops); it has no effect on the first figure. Gamma can be mesured by Stepchart using any one of several widely-available step charts. (Reflection charts are easiest to use but transmission charts can also be used to measure dynamic range.) Some issues in calculating gamma are discussed below the second figure.Corner and side regions (default 32x32 pixels) allows you to select the areas at the corners and sides of the images to be analyzed. Choices include 10x10 pixels, 32x32 pixels, 1% (min. 10x10), 2% (min. 10x10), 5%, and 10%. These regions can be used as the reference for the Color shading ∆E and ∆C calculations. Crop pixels near borders (L, R, T, B) (Settings area). If checked, the image is cropped by the number of pixels indicated near the left, right, top, and bottom borders. Several cropping (ROI selection) options are available by clicking Settings, Options and Settings... in the Imatest main window. These incluce Don't ask to crop. (Use settings in LF input dialog box.) Select crop by dragging cursor. Ask to repeat crop for same sized image. Select crop by dragging cursor. Do not ask to repeat crop. Although the first option (Don't ask to crop...) was the default prior to Imatest 2.3.12, the second option (Select crop by dragging cursor. Ask to repeat crop for same sized image), which is similar to the ROI selection in SFR, may be preferred. 335 of 451
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