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Imatest Documentation Fuji S7000 UL LR Fuji S9000 Konica-Minolta DiMAGE A2 6/12* 22 2014 1853 1912 1625 — 5.21 3040 -17 -22 1137 1202 1567 1591 1241 1230 1388 1446 2.67 2.04 4.52 4.62 DPR. 13mm f/5.6 ISO 200 (a high ISO speed for a compact; somewhat noisy). Oversharpened. *SuperCCD diagonal pixel array; 6 megapixels orig; 12 used for measurement. Uses interpolation to increase pixel count. UL = upper left; LR = lower right (the usual) ROIs. Softness on the left was noted by dpreview.com. Edge falloff is considerable. 9.1 -3 2233 2534 2233 2242 — DPR. "Prosumer" 21 mm f/5.0 ISO 80. Impressive performer. 2616 -13 1554 1979 1669 1814 0.41 7.49 8 8 1829 1696 1611 1537 — 4.71 2448 -3 1500 1580 1403 1432 1.29 4.37 DPR. 13.3mm f/5.0 ISO 64. Sony DSC-F828 8 9 1949 1751 1694 1617 — 4.69 DPR. 22.3mm f/5.0 ISO 64. 8 megapixel. Noisy at ISO speeds above 64. Superb lens. 2448 5 1884 1763 1669 1627 0.11 4.65 Sony DSC-P150 7 9 1696 1689 1622 1537 — 4.37 DPR. 15.1mm f/8 ISO 100. Stopped down well beyond optimum aperture. 2304 -8 1331 1504 1340 1427 1.9 3.95 Interpretation of MTF50 What MTF50 do you need? It depends on print size. If you plan to print gigantic posters (20x30 inches or over), the more the merrier. All the cameras in the above tables can make excellent 8.5x11 inch (letter-size; A4) prints. At that size the best of them wouldn't look much better than the 4 megapixel Canon G3 (or any other high quality 4 megapixel camera). With fine lenses, careful technique, and a little extra sharpening, my 6.3 megapixel Canon EOS-10D (corrected MTF50 = 1335 LW/PH) makes very good 12x18 inch prints. Prints are quite sharp from normal viewing distances, but pixels are visible under a magnifier or loupe; the prints are not as sharp as the Epson 2200 printer is capable of producing. Prints made with the EOS-20D (corrected MTF50 = 1581 LW/PH) are have a slight edge: I'd call them excellent. Softness or pixellation would be visible on 16x24 inch prints made from the EOS-10D. The EOS-20D would perform slightly better, and several of the cameras listed in the table— especially the full frame (24x36mm sensor) DSLRs— perform even better. The table below is an approximate guide to quality requirements. The equation for the left column is MTF50 in Line Widths/inch on the print 150 110 80 MTF50(Line Widths / inch on the print) = MTF50(LW/PH) Print height in inches Quality level— after post-processing, which may include some additional sharpening Excellent— Extremely sharp at any viewing distance. About as sharp as most inkjet printers can print. Very good— Large prints (A3 or 13x19 inch) look excellent, though they won't look perfect under a magnifier. Small prints still look very good. Good— Large prints look OK when viewed from normal distances, but somewhat soft when examined closely. Small prints look soft— adequate, perhaps, for the "average" consumer, but definitely not "crisp.". Example of using the table: My Canon EOS-10D has MTF50 = 1335 LW/PH (corrected; with standardized sharpening). When I make a 12.3 inch high print on 13x19 inch paper, MTF50 is 1335/12.3 = 108 LW/in: "very good" quality; fine for a print that size. Prints look excellent at normal viewing distances for a print this size. This approach is more accurate than tables based on pixel count (PPI) alone. Pixel count is scaled differently; the numbers are around double the MTF50 numbers. The EOS-10D has 2048/12.3 = 167 pixels per inch (PPI) at this magnification. This table should not be taken as gospel: itwas first published in October 2004, andit may be adjusted in the future. Some observations There has been a good deal of skepticism about 7+ megapixel compact digital cameras. They live up to expectations for sharpness, 34 of 451
Imatest Documentation but their noise may be objectionable at high ISO speeds. Dpreview.com has found the Sony DSC-828's noise at ISO 64 to be as high as the Canon EOS-300D (similar to the EOS-10D) at ISO 800. The 6 megapixel raw/12 megapixel interpolated Fuji S7000, which uses Fuji's SuperCCD, has sharpness comparable to the Sony F828. It also has some problems with noise. The SuperCCD is based on an interesting concept. Thanks to gravity, most detail in nature is vertical or horizontal, and evolution has made our eyes are more sensitive to those directions. SuperCCD pixels are located on a diagonal grid where the spacing between x and y-pixel spacings is 1/sqrt(2) = 0.707 that of a normal grid the same number of pixels. The diagonal grid is interpolated to a horizontal grid that has twice the pixels, keeping the reduced pixel spacing. This results in an impressive gain in horizontal and vertical resolution, though sharpness is slightly below that of a sensor with the same number of uninterpolated pixels. I analyzed the sides of Fuji F7000 because dpreview.com noted a problem with softness on the left side. Uncorrected MTF50 is the appropriate metric for comparing portions of a single image. The problem is indeed very evident. It seems to be slightly worse on the left, where MTF50 (uncorrected) is 62% of the center value. The lens alsohas a problem with chromatic aberration. The Sony DSC-F828 does much better: edge MTF is 93% of the center value. It apears to have a finer lens, at least at the focal length and aperture chosen for the test. The Sigma SD9 has high resolution for its pixel count because it doesn't have, and probably doesn't need, an anti-aliasing filter. If only Foveon could break the 3.4 megapixel barrier... Links Scanner Bake-off 2004 Jim Hutchinson used Imatest results in his comparison of scanners. 35 of 451
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