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Imatest Documentation Imatest can use RAW files in three ways. The first two use dcraw (which only works for RAW files from commercially-available cameras). 1. 2. 3. It can demosaic RAW files, producing standard 3-color RGB image files in TIFF, PPM, PNG, or JPEG format, with TIFF as the default. The advantage of using dcraw is that it applies no sharpening, no noise reduction, and a straight gamma curve. Several choices are available for gamma, including 1/2.2 (for typical displays) and 1.0 (true linear). If RAW files are available, cameras and lenses from different manufacturers can be compared on a consistent, fair basis. Dcraw should be used with caution in Colorcheck and Stepchart because is performs autoexposure by default. Starting with Imatest 3.5, the Auto white level button should be unchecked to turn off autoexposure (and get the correct levels). for 8/24-bit output. According to the dcraw FAQ, "No matter how dark an image is, dcraw's auto-exposure stretches it so that one percent of its pixels appear white. The "-W" option avoids this behavior." It can convert camera RAW files into Bayer RAW files stored in standard monochrome image file formats (TIFF or PGM). Most Imatest Master modules can analyze Bayer RAW files. Bayer RAW is particularly valuable for measuring lateral chromatic aberration, which can be strongly distorted by the demosaicing process. Caution: dcraw may apply some tonal processing, even though the documentation indicates it shouldn't, i.e., gamma measured by Stepchart and other modules may not be close to 1, as it should be for an unprocessed Bayer RAW file. Generalized Raw Read can be used (introduced in Imatest 3.5.2). This is particularly useful for development systems and noncommercial applications not supported by dcraw. One or more file extension must be selected, and decoding parameters must be set up and saved, as described here. To use RAW files in Imatest, either Click on an Imatest module ( SFR , Stepchart , etc.) and open the file just as you would any other image file. If a camera RAW image file supported by dcraw (CR2, NEF, etc.— even Phase One RAW TIF files) is detected, the dialog box shown on the right for setting dcraw parameters is opened. Click on the dcraw box on the right side of the Imatest main window (or click Modules, Run dcraw) to run dcraw as a standalone application: the output file will be saved but no Imatest module will run. The dialog box on the right is a graphic user interface (GUI) front-end to dcraw that allows you to select several of dcraw's options. Vista users should select dcrawMS.exe in the Program box. Dcraw can either (A) demosaic camera RAW files with minimal processing— no sharpening, no noise reduction, and a simple gamma curve, or (B) convert them to dcraw dialog box standard 8 or 16-bit monochrome file formats (TIFF or PGM) that contain Bayer RAW (undemosaiced) data, which can be analyzed by several Imatest Master modules. This conversion has the following choices: Normal RAW conversion (demosaiced) Demosaicing RAW 8-bit (Bayer RAW; no demosaicing) RAW 16-bit (Bayer RAW; no demosaicing) If the second or third option above (RAW 8-bit or RAW 16-bit) is selected, most the Demosaicing area (above) is grayed out and the output of dcraw is a monochrome TIFF or PGM file that contains undemosaiced (Bayer RAW) data from the image sensor. Note: the pixel levels and gammas of undemosaiced (Bayer RAW) files do not appear to be reliable as of July 2009. Levels are much too dark if Auto white level is unchecked, and the gamma is incorrect. Exposure and gamma are reliable with normal RAW conversion (with demosaicing). Three separate dcraw programs are available. 96 of 451
Imatest Documentation dcraw The original; may not work in Vista Program LibRaw dcraw emulator (works in Vista; no Bayer RAW) dcrawMS Works in Vista DCrawMS.exe is a special build of dcraw designed to work with Vista. If you have a recent camera that doesn't work with dcraw or dcrawMS, try downloading the latest versions from Pukkita's Digital Darkroom Corner to the Imatest installation folder (C:\Program files\Imatest in most English language installations). LibRaw is a DLL library based on dcraw. Bayer RAW files When monochrome files are opened by an Imatest Master module that supports Bayer RAW analysis, the dialog box shown on the right appears. Standard monochrome file should be selected for regular monochrome files that do not contain Bayer RAW data. The color scheme of the buttons depends on the "Red in RmCn" selection, which affects some of the displays. The correct setting can be found using the Rawview utility. Recognizing Bayer RAW patterns Bayer RAW images are typically monochrome files (though they can be color if they are acquired using screen capture— Alt-PrtSc). They sometimes appear unexpectedly in development/prototyping systems. You can avoid serious headaches if you recognize them. They are characterized by square patterns similar to those shown on the right. If Bayer RAW R1C1, R1C2, ... is selected, one of the four image planes starting with R1C1 (Row 1 Column 1), R1C2, R2C1, or R2C2 is selected for analysis. (Recall that there is no universal standard mapping an image plane with a color.) The four planes are shown below. Note that the pixel height and width of the image in each plane is half that of the image as a whole and the spacing between pixels is twice that of the sensor pixel spacing. R1C1 R1C2 R1C3 R1C4 R2C1 R2C2 R2C3 R2C4 R3C1 R3C3 R3C3 R3C4 R4C1 R4C2 R4C3 R4C4 ↓ R1C1 ↓ R1C1 R1C3 R3C1 R3C3 R1C1 R1C2 R1C3 R1C4 R2C1 R2C2 R2C3 R2C4 R3C1 R3C2 R3C3 R3C4 R4C1 R4C2 R4C3 R4C4 R1C1 R1C2 R1C3 R1C4 R2C1 R2C2 R2C3 R2C4 R3C1 R3C2 R3C3 R3C4 R4C1 R4C2 R4C3 R4C4 ↓ R1C2 ↓ R1C2 R1C4 R3C2 R3C4 R1C1 R1C2 R1C3 R1C4 R2C1 R2C2 R2C3 R2C4 R3C1 R3C2 R3C3 R3C4 R4C1 R4C2 R4C3 R4C4 Bayer RAW characteristic patterns 97 of 451
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Imatest Documentation © 2009 Imate
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Imatest Documentation Using SFRplus
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