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RAjA YOGA IN BRIEF. 87<br />
non-covetousness, chastity, not receiving anything<br />
from another, are called Yama ; it purifies the mind,<br />
the Chitta. By thought, word, and deed, always, and<br />
in every living being, not producing pain is what is<br />
called Ahimsa, non-injuring. There is no virtue higher<br />
than this non-injuring. There is no happiness higher<br />
this attitude of non-offen-<br />
than what a man obtains by<br />
siveness to all creation. By truth we attain to work.<br />
Through truth everything is attained; in truth every<br />
thing is established. Relating facts as they are; this<br />
is truth. Not taking others goods by stealth or by<br />
force, is called Astcyam, non-covetousness. Chastity<br />
in thought, word, and deed, always, and in all condi<br />
tions, is what is called Brahmacharya. Not receiving<br />
any present from anybody, even when one is suffering<br />
terribly, is what is called Aparigraha. When a man<br />
receives a gift from another man, the theory is that his<br />
heart becomes impure, he becomes low, he loses his<br />
independence, he becomes bound and attached. The<br />
following are helps to success in <strong>Yoga</strong>. Niyama, regular<br />
habits and observances; Tapas^ austerity; Svddhydya,<br />
study; Santoia, contentment; Saucham, purity hwara<br />
;<br />
pranidhdna, worshipping God. Fasting, or in other<br />
ways controlling the body, is called the physical Tapas.<br />
Repeating the Vtdas, and other Mantrams, by which<br />
the Sattva material in the body is purified, is called<br />
study, Svddhydya. There are three sorts of repetitions<br />
of these Mantrams. One is called the verbal, another<br />
semi-verbal, and the third mental. The verbal or<br />
audible is the lowest, and the inaudible is the highest
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