Raja-Yoga

YOGA APHORISMS. 167
of mind comes fine material, and this fine material
combines and becomes the gross material outside
the
external universe. The claim of the Sdnkhya philoso
phy is that beginning with the intellect, and coming
down to a block of stone, all has come out of the same
thing, only as finer or grosser states of existence.
The Buddhi is the finest state of existence of the mate
rials, and then comes Ahamkdra, egoism, and next to
the mind comes fine material, which they call Tan
mdtras, which cannot be seen, but which are inferred.
These Tanmdtras combine and become grosser, and
finally produce this universe. The finer is the cause,
and the grosser
is the effect. It begins with the
Buddhi, which is the finest material, and goes on
becoming grosser and grosser, until it becomes this
universe. According to the Sdnkhya philosophy, be
yond the whole of nature is the PuruSa, which is not
material at all. PuruSa is not at all similar to any
thing else, either Buddhi, or mind, or the Tanmdtras,
or the gross material; it is not akin to any one of
these, it is entirely separate, entirely different in its
nature, and from this they argue that the PuruSa must
be immortal, because it is not the result of combina
tion. That which is not the result of combination
cannot die, these PuruSas or Souls are infinite in num
ber. Now we shall understand the Aphorism,
that the
States of the qualities are defined, undefined, and sign
less. By the defined is meant the gross elements,
which we can sense. By the undefined is meant the
very fine materials, the Tanmdtras, which cannot be