cities

FIGURES
Figure 1.1 State of South African Cities reporting timeline. .............................................................................................17
Figure 1.2 Population of the world and major areas (2015–2100) .............................................................................19
Figure 1.3 Proportion urban population (1990–2050). ...................................................................................................19
Figure 1.4 World urban population .......................................................................................................................................20
Figure 1.5 Aligning the SDG targets and NDP objectives ................................................................................................27
Figure 1.6 Cities and towns are anchors and gateways within regional and rural economic networks ...............31
Figure 1.7 Change in total population between 1996 and 2011 (showing larger values only). ............................32
Figure 1.8 Population change total for the 20 top places (1996–2011). .....................................................................33
Figure 1.9 Rate of population change 1996-2011 (>5000 only). .................................................................................34
Figure 1.10 Percentage of population and growth rate of SA cities and towns. ............................................................34
Figure 1.11 Net migration trends in cities (2006–2011). ...................................................................................................35
Figure 1.12 Population and economic growth trends for three Gauteng metros (1996–2011). ..............................36
Figure 1.13 Transect line from Lenasia to north-eastern Tshwane. ..................................................................................37
Figure 1.14 Comparison of transect population density values Lenasia–north-eastern Tshwane. ..........................37
Figure 1.15 Aerial imagery comparison of Tembisa area (2002 and 2015). ...................................................................38
Figure 1.16 Increased footprints, densities and demand profiles. ....................................................................................39
Figure 1.17 “Tensions” describing the duality between the emerging global and domestic considerations. ........41
Figure 1.18 SACN’s thematic areas for good city governance. ...........................................................................................42
Figure 2.1 Cape Town: Change in built-up/urban footprint (1990–2013). .................................................................54
Figure 2.2 eThekwini: Change in built-up/urban footprint (1990–2013). ..................................................................54
Figure 2.3 Tshwane, Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg: Change in built-up/urban footprint (1990–2013). ...........55
Figure 2.4 From principles to outcomes ...............................................................................................................................61
Figure 2.5 Main mode of travel to work (2003–2013) ....................................................................................................70
Figure 2.6 Alternate transport-urban form growth trajectories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Figure 3.1 Johannesburg’s VAT registrations (March 2014–February 2015). ..............................................................92
Figure 3.2 Cape Town’s VAT registrations (March 2014–February 2015) .....................................................................92
Figure 3.3 City contributions to South Africa’s total economic output (1995 and 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 3.4 City growth in GVA (1995 to 2013). ...................................................................................................................94
Figure 3.5 Economic sector share of city GVA (2013)........................................................................................................95
Figure 3.6 Per capita income or real GVA per capita (2013). ...........................................................................................98
Figure 3.7 Cities labour absorption rate (2003–2013). ................................................................................................. 101
Figure 3.8 City share of South Africa’s employment by skill and formality (2013) ................................................. 102
Figure 3.9 City average share of South Africa’s employment by skill and formality (1995 and 2013). .............. 102
Figure 3.10 City economic sectors experiencing increasing and decreasing labour intensity (2003–2013). ..... 103
Figure 3.11 Labour productivity or value of output per worker at constant 2005 prices (2013). .......................... 104
398 State of South African Cities Report 2016