William Pitcher Farmstead HSR

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Experiment 10 Penetration of Water: Capillary Action 7.00 Penetration of Water by Capillary Action Absorption (cm) 5.25 3.50 1.75 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 60 90 120 150 180 Time (minutes) Sample 1-Wall Brick 105 Sample 2-Chimney Brick 105 Notes Sample 1: 105 Wall Nogging Brick appears to have been poorly fired, if it was fired at all. However, after more than 200 years, the nogging in this wall is in fine condition, which means that there are no leaks or rising damp issues, in this area at least. The absorption behavior of both samples is consistent with that of the chimney and nogging brick used in the RILEM test, with the chimney bricks being better fired and thus less absorptive.
MEASUREMENT OF WATER ABSORPTION UNDER LOW PRESSURE RILEM TEST METHOD NO. 11.4 Introduction RILEM (Reunion Internationale des Laboratoires D'Essais et de Recherches sur les Materiaux et les Constructions), with headquarters in Paris, is the International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures. As with our American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Technical Committees are formed within RILEM to develop standard methods for measuring properties and evaluating the performance and durability of many different building materials. One such technical committee, Commission 25-PEM, has developed tests to measure the deterioration of stone and to assess the effectiveness of treatment methods. The standard tests drafted by Commission 25-PEM fall within several categories, including methods for determining internal cohesion (111.), for measuring mechanical surface properties (IV.), and for detecting the presence and movement of water (11.). Within category II., is Test Method No. 11.4, designed to measure the quantity of water absorbed by the surface of a masonry material over a definite period of time. RILEM Test Method 11.4 provides a simple means for measuring the rate at which water moves through porous materials such as masonry. The test can be performed at the site or in the laboratory and can be used to measure vertical or horizontal water transport. Water permeability measurements obtained in the laboratory can be used to characterize unweathered, untreated masonry. Measurements made at the site (or on samples removed for laboratory testing) can be used to assess the degree of weathering that the material has undergone. Test Method 11.4 can also be used to determine the degree of protection afforded by a water repellent treatment. A description of the equipment and procedure for conducting this test is provided in paragraphs below. The theoretical basis on which the method is based and the several applications of test data are discussed. Theory Because masonry building materials are porous, they are all somewhat permeable to water. The interior structure of a masonry material is a system of fine interconnected pores. Wetting by liquid water involves capillary conduction (suction) through this pore system, proceeding along both vertical and horizontal pathways. Vertical transport occurs when water enters as ground water at the base of a structure or as rain water through leaking gutters. Penetration of driving rain into wall surfaces results in horizontal transport. (Under actual conditions, the amount of rain penetration depends on prevailing wind conditions as well as on the composition and condition of the exposed surface.) When liquid water comes into contact with a masonry surface, wetting proceeds through the material as a front. Accurate measurements of the advance of this wetting front made on a variety of masonry building materials have demonstrated that the characteristic wetting rate and pattern of each material are directly related to its capillary structure and port size distribution. In fact, rate constants have been measured for brick, limestones and other
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WILLIAM PITCHER FARMSTEAD Historic
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INTRODUCTION ______________________
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HISTORY THE SCHUYLER PATENT AND THE
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5 (MAP 3). By 1725, Tierk DeWitt ha
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Palatines could be settled in New Y
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Book,” Joshua Kocherthal, who had
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the deed, Peter and his family had
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Pitcher: four free white males, one
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John W. Pitcher is always referred
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noted based on gender, age, race, a
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the enterprise to Victory Farms Inc
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side is a mid-20th-century concrete
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SOUTH ELEVATION South elevation 200
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• A 6’x8’ concrete slab, pour
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NORTH ELEVATION North elevation 200
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WEST ELEVATION West elevation 2004
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IMMEDIATE EXTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS
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some sleeping, accessible by a ladd
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THE CELLAR: Description and Conditi
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Condition: B1 has moisture issues.
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photo B1-3- fallen beam due to wate
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IMMEDIATE CELLAR RECOMMENDATIONS
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ROOM 101, WEST ADDITION Description
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ROOM 102, WEST PARLOR Description:
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102-1 view from southwest corner; s
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The ceiling of the front hall is th
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14” 105-3 Federal architrave and
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103-5 astrigal detail 103-6 north w
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ROOM 105, EAST PARLOR Description:
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ROOM 106, SOUTH ROOM OF ELL Room 10
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106-1 floor board direction change;
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of 107 there is a closet 90” wide
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107-2 view south from 107, through
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ROOM 201, WEST BEDROOM Description:
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Evolution: Room 201 shows evidence
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ROOM 202, DORMER ROOM Description:
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202-1 view of northwest corner, dot
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ROOM 203, UPSTAIRS HALL Description
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203-1 upstairs hall, looking east;
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the door to 204. There is a broken
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204-3 looking east; north wall part
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ROOM 205, STORAGE AREA Description:
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photo 205-3- view from north end of
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where the ell is attached to the ma
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206-3 nails holding rafter of main
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206-9 knee brace at southwest corne
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ROOM 207, SERVANTS’ ROOM Descript
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207-3 north wall; boxed chimney; wa
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attic-1 access attic-2 bridle or la
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INTERIOR CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND R
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to the west, and one level down, a
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Original Green Design Strategies In
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completely uninsulated, and due to
Page 107 and 108: WILLIAM PITCHER FARMSTEAD RED HOOK,
Page 109 and 110: 1905 Henry S. Elting inherits the f
Page 111 and 112: MAP 2 Dutchess County Wards Map fro
Page 113 and 114: MAP 4 1740 Cadwallader Colden Germa
Page 115 and 116: MAP 6 1746 Detail of 1746 division
Page 117 and 118: 1800 Third Generation division of s
Page 119 and 120: 1799 Philip Reichert Map showing Ho
Page 121 and 122: MAP 12 1850 Town of Red Hook arrow
Page 123 and 124: MAP 14 1938 US Geological Survey ar
Page 125 and 126: MAP 16 Map re-drawn by Frank J. Tea
Page 127 and 128: 1943 survey map for Robert G. Greig
Page 131: APPENDIX IV Pitcher Farmstead Red H
Page 140: south elevation original 9-bent str
Page 145 and 146: CONTENTS Introduction Methodology F
Page 147 and 148: FINDINGS The RILEM tests showed tha
Page 149: 107 106 104 101 102 105 103
Page 152 and 153: Photo 105(a): south wall, brick nog
Page 154 and 155: Photo 207: garret room; mortar and
Page 156 and 157: Experiment 10 Penetration of Water:
Page 160 and 161: masonry materials. RILEM Test Metho
Page 162 and 163: • Amoroso, G. and Fassina, V. Sto
Page 164 and 165: Sample 1(fig.1) is a piece of chimn
Page 166 and 167: ARCHDES 597M Assignment #4 -Simple
Page 168 and 169: Mortar Analysis Sample # Sample 105
Page 170 and 171: Plaster Analysis Sample # 102 S. Sa
Page 172 and 173: Plaster Analysis Sample # 105 S. Br
Page 174 and 175: Plaster Analysis Sample # 105 S Gra
Page 176 and 177: Plaster Analysis Sample # 107 Gray
Page 178 and 179: Plaster Analysis Sample # 202 Sampl
Page 180 and 181: Plaster Analysis Sample # 203 NW Sa
Page 182 and 183: Pitcher Farmstead: Downstairs Plast
Page 184 and 185: Pitcher Farmstead Red Hook, New Yor
Page 186 and 187: POPLAR The anchor beams are hewn PO
Page 188 and 189: RED PINE The anchor bent post sampl
Page 190 and 191: CHESTNUT The only sill sample colle
Page 192 and 193: PAINT FINISHES AND ANALYSIS Introdu
Page 194 and 195: METHODOLOGY Samples were collected
Page 196 and 197: UPPER LEVEL SAMPLE SITES 4
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Page 202 and 203: plaster, planking, paint and wallpa
Page 204 and 205: figure 3 105/1 stratigraphy 105/3 s
Page 206 and 207: • Sample 101/1, collected from th
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FINISHES ANALYSIS Sample 101/1 Buil
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FINISHES ANALYSIS Sample Stair 1 Bu
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101/1 102/1 103/1 103/2 104/1 105/1
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CHROMOCHRONOLOGY Reactions: Vin= vi
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INTRODUCTION / METHODOLOGY Samples
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fig. 3- Room 103 surface mint green
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• ROOM 105, west wall, anchor bea
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fig. 12- Room 105 zoom on red area,
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The surface layer of Room 103 tests
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RESOURCES • Stevens, John R. Dutc
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William Pitcher Farmstead HSR

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