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Dogs are “man’s they won’t cause Dogs are Dogs are<br />

best friend;” trouble. dirty; patient;<br />

If you train<br />

your dogs well,<br />

however,<br />

Mr. Brown<br />

hates dogs.<br />

they may<br />

cause trouble.<br />

Mr. Brown<br />

hates dogs.<br />

therefore, they Unless you Dogs can run because they<br />

are happier train your loose in the can run loose<br />

there. dogs well, country; there.<br />

Dogs are moreover, Although dogs in addition,<br />

happier in dogs are loved. are “man’s best they are loyal.<br />

the country.<br />

friend.”<br />

IV. Grammar Modal auxiliaries<br />

The letters to the editor in this chapter have some auxiliary verbs<br />

called “modals.” They help to express your ideas, opinions, and feelings:<br />

can, can’t, have to, don’t have to, must, must not, should, should<br />

not.<br />

Study the meanings of these verbs. Copy the paragraph below and<br />

write a modal verb in each blank.<br />

can ability<br />

can’t lack of ability<br />

have to necessity (the<br />

same as must)<br />

don’t have to freedom<br />

of choice, no<br />

obligation or<br />

necessity)<br />

must necessity (the same<br />

as have to)<br />

must not necessity not to do<br />

something, prohibition<br />

should, obligation, “a good<br />

idea”<br />

should not obligation not to<br />

do something, not “a<br />

good idea”<br />

The city _____ pass a health law, and the city _____ pass a leash law;<br />

however, it _____ pass a law against owning dogs. The law says that dog<br />

owners _____ tie up their dogs; they _____ _____ let the dogs run loose.<br />

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