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expensive IT equipment, to a more flexible and scalable OPEX<br />
[operational expenditure] center, where storage service openings<br />
increase and decrease dynamically, depending on how you use it.”<br />
Fangou adds, “There are also big opportunities around [artificial<br />
intelligence] technology. I expect the visual effects industry will<br />
be seeing some big changes with the automation and machine<br />
intelligence that AI is bringing.” Catmull agrees. In particular, he<br />
says the Pixar, Disney Animation and ILM research units are all<br />
investigating deep-learning computer algorithms and the wider<br />
AI paradigm to see how systems might be able to make certain<br />
visual effects processes more efficient. The problem, he suggests, is<br />
that while he is optimistic “deep learning is likely going to have an<br />
impact on our industry,” it still remains “such a broad concept, so<br />
it is not crystal clear what that impact is going to be yet, beyond the<br />
fact that the rate of growth and use of these chips puts us in a place<br />
to apply them in some unforeseen ways.”<br />
Most industry representatives say, at the end of the day, most<br />
of these issues are about how the visual effects industry does<br />
things, and what tools and workflows it employs to do them. Tim<br />
Sarnoff suggests the verdict regarding these advancements, as<br />
always, will be rendered by the public.“The experience and the<br />
storytelling is what matters most when evaluating success in the<br />
creative technology arena, not the technical innovation itself,”<br />
Sarnoff emphasizes. “This has been the pattern in entertainment<br />
and communication throughout the ages, and I see no reason to<br />
suspect this pattern will not repeat itself again.”<br />
TOP: Foundry’s Cara VR is an<br />
advanced toolkit that streamlines<br />
the process of VR content creation<br />
by dramatically speeding up the<br />
challenging, often tedious process<br />
of stitching and compositing 360°<br />
video footage. It also makes it easy<br />
for artists to use Nuke’s full suite of<br />
compositing tools on 360° footage.<br />
(Photo courtesy of Foundry)<br />
LEFT: Alex Mahon (Photo credit:<br />
Martin Beddall/Foundry)<br />
RIGHT: Ron Frankel<br />
BOTTOM: Previs by Proof Inc. for<br />
Wonder Woman. (Image copyright ©<br />
2015 Warner Bros. Entertainment<br />
and courtesy of Proof Inc.)<br />
LEFT: Jim Morris, VES (Photo<br />
credit: Deborah Coleman/Pixar)<br />
BOTTOM: Cars 3 (Photo copyright<br />
© 2016 Disney/Pixar Animation<br />
Studio. All Rights Reserved.)<br />
FALL <strong>2017</strong> <strong>VFX</strong>VOICE.COM • 87