Book of Namaz

unanimously declared by the scholars of fiqh that it is fard for
every Muslim, man and woman, to learn Islamic knowledge. It is
fard for every Muslim woman to learn the knowledge of Haid and
Nifâs. Every Muslim man must learn the knowledge of Haid and
Nifâs when he will get married. When he gets married, he must
teach it to his wife.
Haid is the blood that starts to flow from the genital organ of a
healthy girl a few days or months or a number of years after she
has passed eight years of age and reached her ninth year, or of a
woman after a period of full purity directly succeeding the last
minute of her previous menstrual period, and which continues for
at least three days, i.e. seventy-two mean hours from the moment
it was first seen. Any coloured liquid, except for a white
(colourless) liquid, is called the blood of haid. When a girl begins
haid, she becomes a bâligha, (an adolescent), that is, a woman. She
becomes responsible for observing the commands and the
prohibitions of the religion.
The number of days beginning from the moment bleeding is
seen until the bleeding comes to an end is called ’âdat
(menstruation period). A period of haid is ten days maximum and
three days minimum. Every women must be aware of her
menstruation period in days and hours. When a girl is over eight
years old, it becomes fard for her mother or, if she does not have a
mother, her grandmothers, elder sisters, paternal and maternal
aunts, respectively, to teach her about haid and nifâs.
Nifâs means lochia. It is the blood that flows from the genital
organ of a woman after child delivery. There is not a minimum
duration for nifâs. When the bleeding stops, she must make a ghusl
immediately. The maximum duration for nifâs is forty days. After
forty days she performs a ghusl and begins namâz even if her
bleeding continues. Bleeding after the fortieth day is istihâda [That
is, 'udhr]. Women must also memorize their nifâs period.
Bleeding that goes on for less than three days, or, seventy-two
hours, even if it is five minutes less, or, for a newly pubescent girl,
bleeding after the tenth day when it goes on more than ten days or,
for one who is not new, bleeding that happens after the âdat when
it both exceeds the days of âdat and continues for more than ten
days, or bleeding of a pregnant or âisa (old) woman or of a girl
below nine years of age, is not menstrual. It is called istihâda. The
bleeding of istihâda (menorrhagia) is a sign of a disease. If it
continues for a long time it may be dangerous, so the person
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