Book of Namaz

ISTINJÂ: Cleaning one’s front or back after discharge of
najâsat is called istinjâ. Istinjâ is sunnat-i muakkada. In other
words, after urinating or defecating in a restroom it is sunnat for a
man or woman to clean his or her front or back (private organs)
with a stone or with some water so as not to leave any urine or
excrement. However, in case istinjâ with water would be
impossible without opening one’s awrat parts in company of
others, one gives up the istinjâ with water even if a large amount
of najâsat is left. One does not open one’s awrat parts, and
performs namâz in this state. If one opens them, one will become
a sinner who has committed harâm. When one finds a secluded
place, one makes istinjâ with water and performs the namâz again.
“If doing a commandment will cause you to commit a harâm, you
must [delay or] omit the commandment lest you will commit the
harâm.”
It is tahrimî makrûh to make an istinjâ with bones, food,
manure, bricks, pieces of pots or glass, coal, animal food, others’
possessions, valuable things such as silk, things thrown away from
mosques, zamzam water, leaves or paper. Even a blank piece of
paper must be respected. It is permissible to make an istinjâ with
pieces of paper or newspapers containing secular names or
writings that have nothing to do with religion. But you must not
make an istinjâ with any paper containing Islamic letters. It is
makrûh to urinate or defecate with one’s front or back towards the
qibla, while standing or being naked, without any excuse. A ghusl
is not permissible at a place where urine has accumulated. Yet it is
permissible if the urine will not accumulate and will flow away.
Water used for istinja becomes najs. It must not be allowed to
splash on your clothes. Therefore, when making an istinjâ you
must open your awrat parts and do it in a secluded place. Istinjâ
cannot be made by inserting one’s hand into one’s pants in front of
the wash-basin and thereby wash one’s organ by making it touch
the water in one’s palm. When smeared with drops of urine, water
in one’s palm becomes najs and causes the pants which it drops on
to become najs. If the area, where this water drops on to, is larger
than a palm full, the namâz will not be sahîh.
ISTIBRÂ: It is wâjib for men to make an istibrâ, that is, not to
leave any drops in the urethra, by walking, coughing or by lying on
their left side. One must not make an ablution unless one is
satisfied that there are no drops of urine left. One drop oozing out
will both nullify the ablution and make one’s underwear dirty. If
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