Weaving It Together

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UNIT 6 CD 1 Track 11 Chapter 11 The readings and follow-up activities in this unit are about language and communication. Chapter 11 discusses secret languages and codes and the roles they play in people’s lives. Chapter 12 is about the English language and its infl uence around the world. Here are some interesting facts about secret languages and codes: • President Thomas Jefferson was very interested in cryptology. He taught a secret code to Meriwether Lewis, who headed the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the western frontier of the U.S. beginning in 1803, in order to keep information safe from those who were opposed to Jefferson’s views on expansion of the new nation. • The Spartans of ancient Greece used a code system for transmitting secret military information in which the sender wrote a message on a strip of paper or leather wound around a cylinder. The strip was then unwound and sent to the receiver, who decoded it by winding it around a cylinder of the very same size. The two cylinders had to be exactly the same size or the message was garbled. 46 Unit 6 Language Keeping <strong>It</strong> Secret Warm-Up You may start the lesson in one of these ways: • Ask students to study the writing on page 145. Invite them to share anything they know about these alphabets and languages. Ask: How are languages that use an alphabet different from your own codes? • Have students work in pairs and try their hand at developing a simple code, using either letter exchanges or numbers to represent letters. Each pair can write a short message (one sentence) to trade with another pair for decoding, using a key. • Ask if students are familiar with the spoken code language pig Latin. Give brief instructions (found in reading) and have pairs try to have a conversation speaking this way. Pre-Reading Activity Ask students to brainstorm as many kinds of code languages and reasons for using codes as they can. Make a list on the board and after they have read the selection, have the class check off each item found in the reading. 00238-X_006-073.indd 46 11/12/09 8:40 PM
Reading After they have completed the vocabulary and comprehension questions, ask students to read the passage on their own again, underlining the main idea in each paragraph. When they fi nish, have students exchange their ideas with a partner and discuss them together. Additional Discussion Question Ask students if they can think of professions that use their own “code language” (musicians, mathematicians, fi nancial industry analysts, doctors/nurses, etc.). Ask students to describe and give some examples of the “languages” these professions use. Journal How is learning a new language similar to breaking a code? What does it feel like when you don’t understand the language someone else is speaking? How did you feel when you began to “break the code” of English? Predicting, p. 146 Answers will vary. Vocabulary A. Vocabulary in Context, p. 148 1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. b B. Vocabulary Building, p. 150 1. a. coded b. code 2. a. electronically b. electronic 3. a. existence b. exist C. Vocabulary in New Context. p. 150 Answers will vary. Reading Comprehension A. Looking for the Main Ideas, p. 150 1. d 2. c 3. a B. Looking for Details, p. 151 1. Secret languages are meant to keep information from others. 2. You can make words invisible on paper with a pen dipped in lemon juice or vinegar. 3. Codes have existed since the beginning of recorded history. 4. Codes are made by either substituting letters, numbers, or symbols for letters or whole words, or by rearranging the letters in words. 5. During WWII, the British developed a machine to decode German messages. 6. The Navajo word for hummingbird meant “fi ghter plane” in code talk. 7. Web lingo is a shorthand that allows for quick communication via cell phones and other electronic devices. 8. Parents are learning the rules of Webspeak because too many secrets can be dangerous. C. Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions, p. 152 1. The human need for secret languages has existed since the beginning of communication and still exists today. 2. The Navajo code talkers were very skilled and were essential to winning WWII. 3. People who do the same kind of work develop secret languages to protect information and to make communication easier. 4. Parents understand why teens use Webspeak for privacy, but they also are Chapter 11 47 00238-X_006-073.indd 47 11/12/09 8:40 PM
Page 1 and 2: Instructor’s Manual Books 3 and 4
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