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<strong>Cosmic</strong> <strong>Game</strong> © Douglass A. White, 2012 v151207 154<br />

side of a single square, we get the well-known reciprocal of the fine structure constant,<br />

which is approximately 137. We then adjust the scale by 12 orders of magnitude.<br />

(% / λce)(1.054)(100) ≈ α -1 (10 12 ) ≈ 137.<br />

λce ≈ 1.054 α % (10 -10 ).<br />

We can now express the Compton wavelength as a factor among a cluster of constant<br />

<strong>com</strong>ponent factors with a <strong>com</strong>bined product that is a power of ten.<br />

10 10 = 1.054 α % / λce.<br />

<strong>The</strong> proton Compton wavelength is λcp = h / Mp c = 1.3214098446×10 −15 m, and is<br />

smaller than the electron's because of the larger proton mass. When we substitute the<br />

formula for the proton mass, we get a very simple expression:<br />

λcp = h / π e = 2 ħ / e = 1.32×10 −15 m.<br />

This is an elegant definition of quantized space. Since the proton is the foundation of all<br />

stable matter, it makes sense to use either the proton's Compton wavelength or the Bohr<br />

radius as a standard for length.<br />

Time: the Second<br />

Once we have a way of determining the meter, the second is automatically determined by<br />

the time it takes light to travel 3e8 meters, and of course any fraction of that distance will<br />

give us the corresponding fraction of a second.<br />

Of course it is fine to use the current standard definition: "the duration of 9,192,631,770<br />

periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels<br />

of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom," -- provided you have a supply of cesium 133<br />

available. Some areas of the universe may not have such supplies of cesium readily<br />

available, so a person would have to carry his own supply in order to set his clocks.<br />

Another way to measure a second is to set up a standardized LC circuit. "An LC circuit,<br />

also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, consists of an inductor,<br />

represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C. When connected<br />

together, they can act as an electrical resonator, an analog of a tuning fork, storing energy<br />

that oscillates at the circuit's resonant frequency.<br />

An LC circuit can store electrical energy by oscillating at its resonant frequency. A<br />

capacitor stores energy in the electric field between its plates, depending on the voltage<br />

across it, and an inductor stores energy in its magnetic field, depending on the current<br />

through it.<br />

If a charged capacitor is connected across an inductor, charge will start to flow through<br />

the inductor, building up a magnetic field around it and reducing the voltage on the<br />

capacitor. Eventually all the charge on the capacitor will be gone and the voltage across it

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