The Cosmic Game ( PDFDrive.com )

Cosmic Game © Douglass A. White, 2012 v151207 156
or energy versus time. Uncertainty is related to, but different from, quantization, and
therefore the structure of a relationship disallows simultaneous precise knowledge of two
of the component variables in the relationship. Uncertainty is caused by the wave nature
of the electromagnetic radiation that we depend on for perception and measurement.
Mass: the Kilogram
Now we can consider how to define the kilogram, the mechanical unit of mass in the mks
system, which is widely accepted as a standard and which we are following for the
purposes of this discourse. In our interpretation of the electrical units the farad turns out
to have the mechanical unit of mass. The farad is named after English physicist Michael
Faraday. According to the Wikipedia "Farad" article:
"A farad is the charge in coulombs which a capacitor will accept for the potential across
it to change 1 volt. A coulomb is 1 ampere second. Example: A capacitor with
capacitance of 47 nF will increase by 1 volt per second with a 47 nA input current. . . . .
The capacitance of the Earth's ionosphere with respect to the ground is calculated to be
about 1 F."
A farad (1 F) is the same as 1 kg and can be measured as the ratio C/V (coulomb per
volt). Here is another way of expressing the above example of the capacitor:
47 nA / 47 nF = 1 V/s.
The definition of the farad requires us to understand the concept of the capacitor.
According to the Wikipedia article entitled "Capacitor":
"A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical
component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary
widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric
(insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a
thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in
many common electrical devices.
When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field
develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and
negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal
capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads.
This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference
between them."