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Cosmic Game © Douglass A. White, 2012 v151207 81 Suggested Reading Denny, Mark. "The Pendulum Clock: a Venerable Dynamic System". European Journal of Physics 23 (2002) 449-458. Published by Institute of Physics. (Available online at stacks.iop.org/EJP/23/449.) Ancient Scientific Notation Encoded in the Senet Oracle Board In order to investigate the possibility of a "cosmic metrology" encoded in the Senet Oracle Board we shall have to explore more deeply the ways Egyptians may have played with the numbers and ratios generated by the geometry of the Senet Board. We must expand our vision to discover how the Egyptians conceived of the super big and super small scales of the cosmos. In modern science the measurements we make often cover a wide range of scales and therefore require very large numbers and very small numbers. To simplify calculations, modern scientists recognize three major components to any measurement: a dimensional unit that represents the "ruler" used for the measurement, a power of ten that scales the "ruler" to the magnitude of the intended measurement, and a ratio that compares the item measured to the scale-adjusted ruler as some portion of 10 (the next order of magnitude above the scale-adjusted ruler). For example light speed is 3×10 8 meters per second (or 3e8 m/s). Meters per second (m/s) is the dimensional unit for velocity, 10 to the 8th power (10 8 or e8) is the scale of the dimensional unit for this very fast velocity, and 3 (precise modern value: 2.99792458) is the number x (such that 1 < x < 10) by which we multiply the power of ten in order to get the value of the velocity of light (3×10 8 m/s) at the scale of 10 8 m/s. What if the Egyptians had a system that worked along similar lines, but was based in geometry rather than numerical calculations? There is plenty of evidence that they used canevas grids to scale their artistic and engineering designs the way artists and engineers do today. We also know that they used a cubit ruler marked with various scales for most measurements of length. The Cubit and Egyptian Reciprocal Numbers A Cubit Ruler (N.B.: not drawn to actual size) The length of an Egyptian cubit is 5 palms or 28 fingerbreadths (about .525 m). The bottom row of the above cubit ruler illustration shows the 28 fingerbreadth divisions. The first 15 fingerbreadths on the right side have finer markings that indicate fractions of a fingerbreadth: intervals of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, . . . . up to 1/16. The remaining 13 fingerbreadths have no markings in the first row. The 15 fingerbreadths on the right side of the second row from the bottom indicate the fractional numbers with a lemniscate determinative glyph r that functions like our slash for fractions, plus the appropriate
Cosmic Game © Douglass A. White, 2012 v151207 82 denominator of the fraction written below it. The numerator is assumed to be 1 and therefore is not written. The third row from the bottom gives the glyph(s) for the name of each fingerbreadth. Each name corresponds to an Egyptian deity. We can consider the cubit ruler itself to be an embodiment of Tem the Tower, the "extension" of Ra in the form of his "phallus", and each fingerbreadth is an avatar of Amen Ra as the Invisible Sun extended in space. The list of names begins with Ra and is followed by an Ennead list, which is a group of 9 deities, the first 6 being in the standard sequence presented in the Book of the Dead and on the Senet Oracle Board as attested by the opening phrase of the Senet Game Text: (Ra, [Tem] Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut), except that Tem (usually second on the list) is missing from his spot on the cubit ruler, because he plays the role of the ruler as a whole. The name Tem means "completeness" and the word for cubit (meh) means "fullness". Numbers 11-14 in the list represent the four states of the elements as they are shown on the middle row of the Senet Oracle Board. Finger Deity Oracle Bd Tarot Glyph 0. Ra 00 Sun @ [1. Tem 01 Tower M ] 2. Shu (Shewe) 03 Emperor < 3. Tefnut 04 Strength s 4. Geb 05 World ) 5. Nut (Newet) 06 Star t 6. Asar (Osiris) 19 Magician r 7. Aset (Isis) 09 Priestess 6H 8. Set 24 Devil t 9. Nebet Het (Nephthys) 10 Temperance W 10. Heru (Horus) 07 Chariot & 11. Mesta 17 King of Plasmas S8 12. Hapy 15 King of Liquids `` 13. Duamut-f 16 King of Solids ®Wf 14. Qebehusenu-f 14 King of Gasses C===f 15. Jehuty (Thoth) 30 High Priest s 16. Sep 26 Fortune ¥ 17. Heq 12? Hanged Man ?qR 18. Ar-m@-wa 25 Hermit iOUa 19. Maa-net-f 18 Vision iFtf 20. Ar-ren-f Jes-f 20 Hearing infcsf 21. Pehty 11 Taste i 22. Sepedu 22 Judgment Buf 23. Seba 13 Touch 1 24. An-heret (Onouris) 21? Lover 22
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