Eastern Iowa Farmer Fall 2020
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through the timber<br />
Timber Terms<br />
Board Foot – a unit of measure equal to a board<br />
that is 1-inch thick, 12-inches long and 12-inches<br />
wide (or 144 cubic inches).<br />
Canopy – the “roof” of the forest formed by the<br />
crowns of the tallest trees.<br />
Crop Tree – any desirable tree species that will<br />
have future economic or environmental value.<br />
Natural Regeneration – the growth of new<br />
trees that are seeded one of the following ways<br />
without human assistance: from seeds carried by<br />
wind or animals, from seeds stored on the forest<br />
floor or from stumps that sprout.<br />
Release – to free a tree from competition with its<br />
immediate neighbors by removing the surrounding<br />
trees. This occurs naturally and artificially.<br />
Sawtimber – wood large enough to be used to<br />
produce lumber for construction and furniture or<br />
regenerate a stand.<br />
Site Index – a relative measure of forest site<br />
quality based on the height (in feet) of the dominant<br />
trees at a specific age, usually 25 to 50 years,<br />
depending on the rotation length). Info helps<br />
estimate future returns and land productivity for<br />
timber and wildlife.<br />
Stand – a group of trees that<br />
are sufficiently the same<br />
species composition<br />
and arrangement of age<br />
classes and condition<br />
so that they can be<br />
managed as a unit.<br />
Thinning – tree removal<br />
practice that reduces tree<br />
density and competition<br />
between trees in a stand.<br />
Thinning concentrates<br />
growth on fewer, highquality<br />
trees, provides<br />
periodic income and<br />
generally enhances tree<br />
vigor. Heavy thinning can<br />
benefit wildlife through the<br />
increased growth of ground<br />
vegetation.<br />
Understory – The area below the<br />
forest canopy that comprises shrubs, snags<br />
and small trees. Because the understory receives<br />
little light, many of the plants at this level tolerate<br />
shade and will remain part of the understory.<br />
Others will grow and replace older trees.<br />
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46 <strong>Eastern</strong> <strong>Iowa</strong> <strong>Farmer</strong> | fall <strong>2020</strong> eifarmer.com
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