Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka - Australian ...

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A range of management strategies including avoiding alternative host plants, close spacing, provision of shade, mixed species plantings, pruning affected shoots, thinning and sack banding have been recommended by Beeson (1941) but have not been very successful. In Bangladesh, heavy damage has been sustained in plantations of Swietenia spp. raised in block and strip plantations and around private homesteads. Consequently, the Government of Bangladesh has attached top priority to further research on H. robusta. The research work is to study the biology and ecology of the pest and to devise suitable pest management techniques. Current Research Hypsipyla research in Bangladesh is being conducted only at the Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong. Two scientists, M.W. Baksha (Project Leader) and M.R. Islam (Associate), are currently involved in this research. No other person in Bangladesh is involved in research on this pest. References Anon. Ministry of Planning 1995. Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh, 1995. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Government of Bangladesh, 377 p. 14 Baksha, M.W. 1990. Some major forest insect pests of Bangladesh and their control. Bulletin 1, Forest Entomology Series, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, 19 p. Baksha, M.W. 1993. Entomological aspects of tree species in Bangladesh. In: Ali, M.O., Ahmed, F.U., ed. Agroforestry Research Techniques. BARC Winrock International, Dhaka, 75–85. Baksha, M.W. and Islam, M.R. 1990. Summary of recent activities on forest insects in Bangladesh. In: Hutacharern, C., MacDicken, K.G., Ivory, M.H. and Nair, K.S.S., ed. Proceedings of the IUFRO Workshop on Pest and Diseases of Forest Plantations in the Asia Pacific Region. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok, 43–44. Beeson, C.F.C. 1919. The life cycle of the toon shoot and fruit borer, Hypsipyla robusta (Moore). Indian Forest Records, 7: 1–71. Beeson, C.F.C. 1941. The Ecology and Control of Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries. Government of India Press, 767 p. Browne, F.G. 1968. Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1330 p. Huq, M.F. and Banik, R.L. 1992. Country report Bangladesh. In: Vivekananda, K., Davidson, J. and Kashio, M., ed. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Tree Breeding and Propagation. Part II. Regional Review and Country Reports. FAO/UNDP, RAPA, Bangkok, 19–48.
Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Philippines E.B. Lapis 1 Abstract The Philippines in 1992 had 125 513 ha of forestry plantations of which nearly 13 000 ha were planted to Swietenia macrophylla King. The current aim is to plant about 200 000 ha of plantation per year till 2015 and S. macrophylla is the third most popular species. One native species of Meliaceae subfamily Swietenioideae, Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe is harvested on a small scale and has been experimentally planted. It has not been recorded to be damaged by the shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta (Moore). S. macrophylla plantations have been significantly affected by H. robusta and another lepidopteran stem borer of the family Cossidae. Very little research has been conducted on H. robusta in the Philippines, which is partly due to the moratorium on the planting of S. macrophylla in the 1970s as a result of H. robusta damage. THE forestry industry is very important to the Philippine government, as shown by the following indicators. A total of 31 schools nationwide offer forestry courses with a total enrolment of 3740 students in 1994. The 1991 Annual Survey of Establishments reported a total of 1242 large establishments manufacturing wood and wood products, including furniture and fixtures. Average employment in these establishments totalled 76 046 people. The revenue realised from forest charges on logs was estimated to be about US$21 million in 1994. Additionally, non-timber forest products generated about US$0.44 million in forest charges, mainly attributed to rattan poles. In 1994, the contribution of the forestry sector to the gross national product (GNP), at constant 1985 prices, amounted to about US$114 million or 0.37% of national GNP, ranking third among all agriculture and fisheries activities. The combined gross value added (GVA) of the agriculture and fisheries sector was also ranked third behind the industry and service sectors. The Master Plan for Forestry Development of the Philippines government set a target for the establishment of 3 million hectares of forest plantations from 1991 to 2015, planting an average of 200 000 ha/year. 1 Center for Forest Pest Management and Research, Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, College Laguna 4001, Philippines 15 From 1991 to 1995, 202 000 ha of government and private sector plantations have been established. According to the Forestry Sector Program of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) (PCARRD 1992), the principal species of trees planted in reforestation areas as of 1992, were: Gmelina arborea Roxb. (65 508 ha), Pterocarpus indicus Willd. (16 535 ha), Swietenia macrophylla King (12 969 ha), Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. (12 720 ha) and Acacia mangium Willd. (4053 ha). The area planted to minor species totalled about 13 728 hectares in 1992. These species include Albizia procera Benth., Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. & G.Forst., Pentacme contorta (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe, Terminalia cattapa Linn., Alnus japonica (Thunb.), Eucalyptus deglupta Bl., Samanea saman Merr., Gliricidia sepium Steud., Agathis philippinensis Warb., Tectona grandis Linn. f., Delonix regia Raf., Triplaris cummingiana Fisch. & May., Bauhinia monandra Kurz, Shorea astylosa Foxw., Vitex parviflora Juss., Cassia fistula Linn., Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume, Piliostigma malabaricum Roxb., Parkia roxburghii G. Don, Diospyrus philippinensis A. Dc., Calophyllum inophyllum L., Hopea foxworthyi Elm., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.), Intsia bijuga (Colebr.), Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers., Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, Senna spectabilis (DC) I.&B. (Spreng), Melia dubia Cav., Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe, Aleurites moluccana Willd., Dracontomelon dao Blume and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.
Page 1 and 2: Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae
Page 3 and 4: Mayhew and Newton (1998) have revie
Page 7 and 8: Table 1. Summary of current and pas
Page 9 and 10: 26° 21° WEST BENGAL (INDIA) PACHA
Page 11: The only harvesting of Swietenioide
Page 15 and 16: H. robusta. From that time onwards,
Page 17 and 18: successful and is expected to have
Page 19 and 20: them are species of the subfamily S
Page 21 and 22: T. ciliata grows in dry deciduous f
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Area of forestry plantatio
Page 25 and 26: S. macrophylla and Swietenia mahago
Page 27 and 28: plantings of S. macrophylla, K. sen
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Major plantation areas and
Page 37 and 38: mixing seedlings of S. macrophylla,
Page 41 and 42: of these species, plantings have be
Page 43 and 44: 45 Table 5. Continued. Description
Page 45 and 46: 47 Table 6. Description of on-going
Page 47 and 48: locations were generally poorer, wi
Page 49 and 50: Table 8. Summary of current and pas
Page 51 and 52: growth response and resultant form
Page 53 and 54: Mr David Spolc (University of Queen
Page 55 and 56: Haley, C. 1954. Forestry in Tropica
Page 57 and 58: Gross Domestic Product, a contribut
Page 59 and 60: A number of parasitoids have been b
Page 61 and 62: A Review of Hypsipyla grandella Zel
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Table 2. Summary of current and pas
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