Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka - Australian ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Bangladesh M.W. Baksha 1 Abstract In 1993–1994, more than 350 000 ha of forestry plantation had been established in Bangladesh with new plantings amounting to nearly 17 000 ha per year. Toona ciliata M. Roem. and Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. occur in natural stands but have not been harvested since 1989. Meliaceous species including T. ciliata, C. tabularis, Swietenia macrophylla King and S. mahagoni Jacq. have been planted in Bangladesh. The main hindrance to growth of these species has been damage by the shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta (Moore). Even though H. robusta is considered to be the main problem in growing mahogany, to date, no major research has been conducted on this pest. The Government of Bangladesh has now given top priority to research on Hypsipyla and a new research program is being established to study the biology and ecology of the pest and to devise suitable pest management techniques. BANGLADESH is located between 20° and 27° N and has a total area of 14.3 million ha, comprised of 0.93 million ha of waterways, 8.5 million ha of cropland, 2.67 million ha of uncultivable land and 2.2 million ha of ‘forests’. Of the ‘forest’ area, 40% is under tree cover and the remainder consists of denuded grassland, scrub and encroached lands. Village groves, estimated to be 0.27 million ha, are composed of woodlots of multipurpose fast growing trees, bamboo, rattans and shrubs. Even though this represents only 10% of the government forest area, it supplies 70%–80% of sawlogs and 90% of fuel wood and bamboo consumed in the country. The forestry sector contributes 3.3% of the gross domestic product of Bangladesh (Table 1). The total area under forestry plantations in Bangladesh is just over 350 000 ha (Table 2) and is spread across various parts of the country (Figure 1). The current rate of planting is about 17 000 ha per year and consists of a wide range of species. An exact breakdown of plantation area by tree species is not available. 1 Forest Protection Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, GPO Box 273, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh 10 Table 1. Relative contribution of the forestry sector to the gross domestic product (GDP) 1 of Bangladesh in 1993– 94 market prices. Primary production sectors Million taka 2 GDP (%) Crops 187 653 18.2 Livestock 36 091 3.5 Fisheries 48 405 4.7 Forestry 33 739 3.3 1 Anon. Ministry of Planning (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) 1995 2 1 million taka = US$22 000 Economic Importance and Performance of Swietenioideae Species Bangladesh has two native species of Meliaceae subfamily Swietenioideae (hereafter referred to as Swietenioideae) of potential economic importance. Toona ciliata M. Roem. and Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. are present in some areas of native forest in the hill country but have been subject to a harvesting ban imposed in 1989 in an effort to stop the depletion of the meagre forest resources of the country.
26° 21° WEST BENGAL (INDIA) PACHAGARH THAKURGAON NAWAB GANJ WEST BENGAL (INDIA) NILPHAMARI DINAJPUR NAOGAON RAJSHAHI MEHER PUR CHUA DANGA PAKISTAN KASHMIR INDIA NEPAL SRI LANKA 89° 89° 92° WEST BENGAL (INDIA) LALMONIRHAT RANGPUR JAIPUR HAT NATORE KUSHTIA JHENAIDAHA JESSORE Figure 1. Location of major forest areas in Bangladesh. SATKHIRA BOGRA INDIA BAY OF BENGAL KURIGRAM GAIBANDHA PABNA MAGURA KHULNA SIRAJGANJ RAJBARI NARAIL BURMA JAMALPUR SHERPUR TANGAIL MANIKGANJ FARIDPUR BAGERHAT GOPALGANJ PIROJPUR Sal forests Hill forests of Sylhet 11 DISTRICT MAP OF BANGLADESH 0 32 64 MEGHALAYA (INDIA) MADARIPUR MYMENSINGH GAZIPUR DHAKA N.GANJ MUNSHI GANJ SHARIAT PUR BARISAL JHALAKATI BARGUNA RATUAKHALI BAY OF BENGAL Hill forests of Chittagong and hill tracts Littoral forests NETRAKONA KISHOREGANJ NARSINGDI CHANDPUR LAKSH MIPUR BHOLA BRAHMANBARIA COMILLA km SUNAMGANJ SYLHET NOAKHALI HABIGANJ TRIPURA (INDIA) FENI MOULVI BAZAR CHITTAGONG KHAGRACHARI COX’S BAZAR RANGAMATI 92° BANDARBAN BURMA ASSAM (INDIA) MIZORAM (INDIA) 26° 21°
Page 1 and 2: Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae
Page 3 and 4: Mayhew and Newton (1998) have revie
Page 7: Table 1. Summary of current and pas
Page 11 and 12: The only harvesting of Swietenioide
Page 15 and 16: H. robusta. From that time onwards,
Page 17 and 18: successful and is expected to have
Page 19 and 20: them are species of the subfamily S
Page 21 and 22: T. ciliata grows in dry deciduous f
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Area of forestry plantatio
Page 25 and 26: S. macrophylla and Swietenia mahago
Page 27 and 28: plantings of S. macrophylla, K. sen
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Major plantation areas and
Page 37 and 38: mixing seedlings of S. macrophylla,
Page 41 and 42: of these species, plantings have be
Page 43 and 44: 45 Table 5. Continued. Description
Page 45 and 46: 47 Table 6. Description of on-going
Page 47 and 48: locations were generally poorer, wi
Page 49 and 50: Table 8. Summary of current and pas
Page 51 and 52: growth response and resultant form
Page 53 and 54: Mr David Spolc (University of Queen
Page 55 and 56: Haley, C. 1954. Forestry in Tropica
Page 57 and 58: Gross Domestic Product, a contribut
Page 59 and 60:
A number of parasitoids have been b
Page 61 and 62:
A Review of Hypsipyla grandella Zel
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2. Summary of current and pas
show all

Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka - Australian ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?