Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka - Australian ...

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Hypsipyla Shoot Borer of Meliaceae in Lao PDR Xeme Samontry 1 Abstract The forestry sector plays a very significant role in national economic development. In 1994, forest product exports were valued at US$49.2 million and were expected to reach approximately US$70 million in 1995. There are a number of native tree species which are very important for sustainable plantation development, that belong to the subfamily Swietenioideae of the family Meliaceae such as Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. and several species of Toona. However, shoot borers, presumably Hypsipyla robusta (Moore), often damage young trees and have discouraged plantation development using Meliaceous species in Lao PDR. THE Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is located between China in the north, Cambodia in the south, Vietnam in the east and Thailand and Myanmar in the west. The country has an area of 23.68 million hectares and a population of 4.5 million people. Eighty five percent of the people live in the rural area and rely on forestry and agriculture for their livelihood. Lao PDR is very rich in natural resources, especially forestry resources. There are approximately eight million hectares of existing forests, which cover more than 33% of the country’s total land area. Benefits derived from these forests make a major contribution to the national economy through timber production, non-wood forest products and quality water supply for hydroelectricity generation. Other important benefits are related to social and environmental quality. In 1994, forest product exports totalled US$49.2 million and were expected to reach approximately US$70 million in 1995. These products included sawn timber, logs, plywood and other wood products. Plantation Development Plantation establishment in Lao PDR has been carried out since the early 1940s and is mainly undertaken by the government. The main species 1 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Forestry, PO Box 4683, Vientiane, Lao PDR 20 planted are Tectona grandis Linn. f., Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz, Dalbergia sp., Xylia kerri Craib. and Hutch. Due to a lack of funds for establishment and proper maintenance, the area planted each year is irregular and relatively small and survival and growth rates are less than desirable. Since 1986, the government has adopted an open economic policy by welcoming both national and foreign companies and individuals to invest in tree plantations and related wood-based industries in various parts of the country. Huang Fat Hong have established a three line production plywood factory and a chipwood plant in Thakhek, and DAFI, a state enterprise, has installed an integrated wood processing plant at Pakse, Champasack Province. These facilities have created a new phase of plantation development. During the past 4 years, there has been an increase in interest by farmers, companies and the Department of Forestry, through the development of a forest policy to create a large viable plantation estate in the country. The government plantation establishment program has been increased from 3000 ha in 1990 to 10 000 ha in 1995 and over 20 000 ha in 1996 (Department of Forestry 1995). Importance of Swietenioideae Species Like other tropical forests in Southeast Asia, the flora of Lao PDR is very rich in tree species that provide many wood and non-wood products and are vital to the living conditions of local people. Among
them are species of the subfamily Swietenioideae of the family Meliaceae such as Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. and Toona spp. Swietenia macrophylla King is an exotic species which was first introduced into the country in the early 1940s for roadside planting in the main cities. These species are very important and have great potential for a sustainable plantation program in Lao PDR, but shoot borers, presumably Hypsipyla robusta (Moore), often damage young trees and have discouraged plantation development using species of Swietenioideae. Research on the insect problem has not been carried out because the Lao Department of Forestry does not have a forest entomologist. Hypsipyla robusta Research and Future Directions CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products in collaboration with Vietnam, Thailand, Lao PDR and Malaysia has developed a project proposal for a regional ACIAR project to develop a domestication strategy for 21 indigenous tree species in Southeast Asia using C. tabularis as an example. As part of this project, surveys monitoring the incidence and extent of insect damage in the field trials will be conducted (Applegate and Samontry 1996). Acknowledgments Thanks are expressed to the Department of Forestry for enabling the presentation of this information and to CSIRO and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research who provided the assistance necessary to attend this workshop. References Applegate, G.B. and Samontry, X. 1996. Forestry research program plan for Department of Forestry. Department of Forestry, Lao PDR. Department of Forestry, 1995. National strategy for sustainable plantation forestry in Lao PDR. Institutional strengthening to the Department of Forestry, Lao PDR. Lao-ADB Plantation Forestry Project, Lao PDR.
Page 1 and 2: Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae
Page 3 and 4: Mayhew and Newton (1998) have revie
Page 7 and 8: Table 1. Summary of current and pas
Page 9 and 10: 26° 21° WEST BENGAL (INDIA) PACHA
Page 11 and 12: The only harvesting of Swietenioide
Page 15 and 16: H. robusta. From that time onwards,
Page 17: successful and is expected to have
Page 21 and 22: T. ciliata grows in dry deciduous f
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Area of forestry plantatio
Page 25 and 26: S. macrophylla and Swietenia mahago
Page 27 and 28: plantings of S. macrophylla, K. sen
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Major plantation areas and
Page 37 and 38: mixing seedlings of S. macrophylla,
Page 41 and 42: of these species, plantings have be
Page 43 and 44: 45 Table 5. Continued. Description
Page 45 and 46: 47 Table 6. Description of on-going
Page 47 and 48: locations were generally poorer, wi
Page 51 and 52: growth response and resultant form
Page 53 and 54: Mr David Spolc (University of Queen
Page 55 and 56: Haley, C. 1954. Forestry in Tropica
Page 57 and 58: Gross Domestic Product, a contribut
Page 59 and 60: A number of parasitoids have been b
Page 61 and 62: A Review of Hypsipyla grandella Zel

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