An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021

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SPECIES INTERACTIONS | 87 For instance, the following model is a complete species interaction model using the species from the video’s Pacific coast food web. Notice how species are now connected with lines rather than arrows. Interactions influence both species involved, while an arrow in a food web indicates the direction that energy moves. Each end of a line is also labeled with a positive (+), negative (-), and neutral (N), indicating how the species is impacted by the interaction. These symbols align with the symbols used in the interactions table shown toward the beginning of the chapter. For instance, in looking at the lines/interactions labeled as “competition for food,” both species are labeled as being negatively impacted by placing a negative on each side of the line. The “predation” and “competition for food” interactions align with the food web. Food webs allude to predation interactions and if species are eating the same species, then they are likely competing for the food source. The rest of the interactions labeled are from outside research, rather than from studying the food web.
88 | SPECIES INTERACTIONS Attribution This chapter is a modified derivative of the following articles: “Community Ecology” by OpenStax College, Biology 2e, CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/ books/biology-2e/pages/1-introduction “Interactions in Communities” by Khan Academy, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Media Attributions • Competitive Exclusion © OpenStax is licensed under a CC BY (Attribution) license • Food web © Khan Academy adapted by Andrea Bierema is licensed under a CC BY (Attribution) license • Species Interaction Model © Khan Academy adapted by Andrea Bierema is licensed under a CC BY (Attribution) license
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INTRODUCTION Andrea Bierema This
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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE
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