An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021

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1. NATURE OF SCIENCE Nature of Science Andrea Bierema Learning Objectives • Identify aspects and misconceptions regarding the nature of science and scientific inquiry. • Describe the processes of science. • Given a description of an investigation, determine the type of study it is, the research question, and control and experimental variables, when appropriate. An Introduction to the Nature of Science To understand what science is, just look around you. What do you see? Perhaps your hand on the mouse, a computer screen, papers, ballpoint pens, the family cat, the sun shining through the window, etc. Science is, in one sense, our knowledge of all that: all the stuff that is in the universe from the tiniest subatomic particles in a single atom of the metal in your computer’s circuits, to the nuclear reactions that formed the immense ball of gas that is our sun, to the complex chemical interactions and electrical fluctuations within your own body that allow you to read and understand these words. But just as importantly, science is also a reliable process by which we learn about all that stuff in the universe. However, science is different from many other ways of learning because of the way it is done. Science relies on testing ideas with evidence gathered from the natural world. Given the way that science is often taught—memorizing facts from a thick textbook based on research done decades ago and completing lab activities in which there is one known answer—many students have misconceptions about what science is and how it works. Complete the following interactive to learn more about the real side of science!
6 | NATURE OF SCIENCE Exercise Before beginning the interactive element below, try this! • Please see this interactive tool that contains a list of statements regarding the nature of science; some correct and some not. Click on a statement and hold down to move the statements around. • The first thing to do on the website is to put the statements into three groups: ◦ Agree: Statements that you agree with ◦ Disagree: Statements that you disagree with ◦ In between: Statements that you believe to be true under some conditions, but not others. • Second, once the statements are put into three groups, order the statements from those that you most agree to those that you least agree with. Discuss your list with your peers. An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here: https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/isb202/?p=5 Scientific Practices The scientific method is too simple to capture the various ways that science occurs, and therefore, we refer to the way science occurs as scientific practices. This section provides more detail on scientific practices, including how it can be explained with a flow chart, that scientific investigations are based on testable research questions and include observations and inferences, and how scientific ideas are tested.
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BIODIVERSITY | 57 “Feeding platyp
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SYSTEMS THINKING AND THE CARBON CYC
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The Carbon Cycle SYSTEMS THINKING A
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Weather vs. Climate CLIMATE CHANGE
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Past Climate CLIMATE CHANGE | 73 Be
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CLIMATE CHANGE | 77 Results of Curr
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CLIMATE CHANGE | 79 compared to the
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10. SPECIES INTERACTIONS Andrea Bie
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SPECIES INTERACTIONS | 83 Exercise
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SPECIES INTERACTIONS | 85 An intera
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SPECIES INTERACTIONS | 87 For insta
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• Species Interaction Web © Andr
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Graph Interpretation POPULATION GRO
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POPULATION GROWTH | 93 Although sev
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POPULATION GROWTH | 99 The previous
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12. EVOLUTION Andrea Bierema Learni
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EVOLUTION | 103 An interactive or m
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EVOLUTION | 105 To continue learnin
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EVOLUTION | 107 Carrion crow There
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13. PHYLOGENETIC TREES: MODELING EV
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Understanding Phylogenies PHYLOGENE
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UNIT III MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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116 | INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIO
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15. PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
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17. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS I: TRANSCRIPT
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19. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS III: RNA INTE
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An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021

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