An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021
An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021
An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology, 2021
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38 | STAKEHOLDERS AND AUTHORITY<br />
What is a Stakeholder?<br />
Note<br />
Stakeholders are people, institutions, or social groups that are<br />
affected by, <strong>and</strong>/or involved in, a particular issue, such as the<br />
creation of policies. While this definition is seemingly<br />
straightforward, it is often difficult <strong>to</strong> answer fundamental<br />
questions such as:<br />
Issues can affect more than just<br />
stakeholders. For instance, in<br />
conservation, policies include the<br />
impact on wildlife. Wildlife are part<br />
of the ecosystem rather than a<br />
stakeholder. Stakeholders are only<br />
people or representations for<br />
people<br />
• Who are “the people?”<br />
• What does “institution” mean?<br />
• What are the limits of a “social group?”<br />
Yet, these questions must be answered if the right stakeholders<br />
are <strong>to</strong> be identified <strong>and</strong> mobilized.<br />
Types of Stakeholders<br />
There are stakeholders who directly influence, or are influenced<br />
by, outcomes (called “primary stakeholders”) <strong>and</strong> others that<br />
indirectly affect, or are affected by, outcomes (called “secondary stakeholders”). Some of these stakeholders may<br />
be marginalized stakeholders or opposition stakeholders. See below for definitions.<br />
<strong>An</strong> interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it<br />
online here:<br />
https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/isb202/?p=73
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