last final thesis of umer

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFirst of all thanks to Almighty Allah (sw), for helping me in all circumstances to complete the coursework and my thesis research successfully. Next I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to mymajor adviser Dr. Daniel Gebrekidan for his unreserved genuine guidance and constructivecomments, starting from proposal writing to end of the work and I appreciate his readiness to sharehis experience and knowledge. I am so grateful to my co-adviser Dr. Alemtsehay Tsegay for herpositive comments, suggestions and criticisms, throughout the research time.Special thanks also go to Haramay University soil laboratory technicians for their support onanalyzing soil phsio-chemical properties.Many thanks also go to Jigjija University for providing me land for the field experiment, inputs andequipment for field work, data collection and measurements.Grateful thanks is also extended to the staff and the management of Melkasa Agricultural ResearchCenter for providing me improved maize (melkasa-4) and cowpea varieties (Kenketi, Black eyebean and bole) seeds.Finally, I want to express my love and thanks to my companions Hassen,Abdi and Abdikadir fortheir help and good friendship during the thesis research.v
TABLE OF CONTENTSDECLARATION............................................................................................................................ iABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iiDEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iiiBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...................................................................................................... ivACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ vLIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ixLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................. xiiCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 11.2 Statement of the problem and justification....................................................................... 21.3 Objective of the study ......................................................................................................... 31.3.1 General objective of the study ..................................................................................... 31.3.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 41.4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................ 41.5. Hypothesis ........................................................................................................................... 4CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 52.1. Origin and Distribution of Maize ..................................................................................... 52.2. Ecology of Maize................................................................................................................. 62.3. Maize Production in Ethiopia ........................................................................................... 82.4. Importance of Maize .......................................................................................................... 92.5. Yield Gap in Maize ........................................................................................................... 112.6. Origin, Distribution and World Production of Cowpea ............................................... 122.7. Major Cowpea production constraints .......................................................................... 132.8. Importance of Intercropping........................................................................................... 142.9. Maize-cowpea intercropping systems ............................................................................. 15vi
Page 1 and 2: MEKELLE UNIVERSITYCoDANRYield and E
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACTA field experiment was cond
Page 5: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHThe author, Omar
Page 9 and 10: 4.1.2 Soil analysis after Harvestin
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.Ethio-maize
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSA
Page 15 and 16: Cowpea is tolerant to a wide range
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.2 Specific objectives1. To eval
Page 19 and 20: around the world are planted under
Page 21 and 22: 2.3. Maize Production in EthiopiaEt
Page 23 and 24: Food products, like corn meal, corn
Page 25 and 26: 2.6. Origin, Distribution and World
Page 27 and 28: 2.8. Importance of IntercroppingCer
Page 29 and 30: (Rusinamhodzi et al., 2012). Simila
Page 31 and 32: Photo synthetically active radiatio
Page 33 and 34: usually reduces weed occurrence (Zu
Page 35 and 36: Ayisi, 2005). Higher plant densitie
Page 37 and 38: The Somali Regional State has a bim
Page 39 and 40: maize. The treatments combinations
Page 41 and 42: using a spectrophotometer (Olsen et
Page 43 and 44: For cowpeaNumber of pods per plant:
Page 45 and 46: Net benefit (NB): was calculated by
Page 47 and 48: Moreover, the pH value was 7.71, wh
Page 49 and 50: 2002). In addition to that, the dif
Page 51 and 52: allows sole crops to extend its veg
Page 53 and 54: cowpea increased, the height of the
Page 55 and 56: of ears per plant in intercropped m
Page 57 and 58:
variety. This result was in conform
Page 59 and 60:
The highest HI (47.86%) was recorde
Page 61 and 62:
Table 10.Effects of densities and v
Page 63 and 64:
Table 11.Interaction effect of the
Page 65 and 66:
Table 12.Effects of component densi
Page 67 and 68:
Significantly higher number of pods
Page 69 and 70:
density of cowpea to 50%. This decr
Page 71 and 72:
Harvest Index (%)Harvest index of c
Page 73 and 74:
Tauro et al. (2013) showed that whe
Page 75 and 76:
The highest net benefit (69,264.81
Page 77 and 78:
varieties and planting density of c
Page 79 and 80:
Altieri, M.A., Glaser, D.L. & Schmi
Page 81 and 82:
Chemeda F, 1996, Effect of bean and
Page 83 and 84:
Demessew Mengesha,2002. Effect of p
Page 85 and 86:
Florentine, S.K. & Fox, J.E.D., 200
Page 87 and 88:
IPS (Industrial Project Service), 2
Page 89 and 90:
Li L, Sun JH, Zhang FS, Li XL, Yang
Page 91 and 92:
Africa and Australia. Eds: Whitebre
Page 93 and 94:
Raji, J.A. (2007). Intercropping so
Page 95 and 96:
Sisay, T., (2004).Effect of plantin
Page 97 and 98:
USDA, 2016. United States Departmen
Page 99 and 100:
APPENDIXESAppendix Table 1.Mean squ
Page 101 and 102:
Appendix Table 5.Mean square values
Page 103 and 104:
Experimental Photos90
Page 105:
92
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last final thesis of umer

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