last final thesis of umer

2.10. Relations of maize and cowpea intercropping in terms of nutrient use efficiency
(NUE)........................................................................................................................................ 16
2.11. Relations of maize and cowpea intercropping in terms of water use efficiency
(WUE)....................................................................................................................................... 17
2.12. Relations of maize and cowpea intercropping in terms of radiation Use Efficiency
(RUE)........................................................................................................................................ 17
2.13. Intercropping and Weed Effects ................................................................................... 19
2.14. Pests and diseases in intercropping .............................................................................. 20
2.15 Competition of species in intercropping ....................................................................... 22
Chapter 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................ 23
3.1. Description of the Study Area ......................................................................................... 23
3.2 Experimental materials..................................................................................................... 24
3.3. Treatment and Experimental Design ............................................................................. 25
3.4. Experimental Procedure and Field Management ......................................................... 26
3.5. Soil Sampling and Analysis ............................................................................................. 27
3.6 Data Collection and analysis ............................................................................................ 28
3.6.1. Phenological stages .................................................................................................... 28
3.6.2. Growth parameters ................................................................................................... 28
3.6.3. Yield and yield components ...................................................................................... 29
3.7. Land Equivalent ratio (LER).......................................................................................... 30
3.8 Economic analysis ............................................................................................................. 31
3.9. Statistical Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 32
Chapter 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................ 33
4.1. Effect of intercropping of maize with different population density and varieties of
cowpea on soil properties ........................................................................................................ 33
4.1.1. Soil Analysis before Planting .................................................................................... 33
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