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150 THE DISTRIBUTOR’S LINK FASTENER EXPERTS MENTOR GROUP DARLENE COLLIS: WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS FOR A BLACK FASTENER FINISH? from page 118 minimum. At 8µm corrosion expectation is 24W/72R. At 12µm it’s 24W/96R. The same zinc black trivalent is noted as 8W/48R at 8µm and at 12µm it’s 8W/72R. The application process can induce hydrogen embrittlement in high hardness parts even with a post-process bake. There are also regulatory concerns with chromium VI content in hexavalent black that should be considered. Electroplated Zinc with Black Chromate or Black Passivate Zinc black electroplate is about double the cost of clear zinc and also a little more than cathodic e-coat in bulk processing when an HE relief bake is required for high hardness parts. The typical process involves acid or alkaline cleaning, electrolytic zinc application followed by the H.E. bake when necessary. Black hexavalent chromate (common callout Fe/Zn 5E) or black trivalent passivate (Fe/Zn 5EN) are added after. Sealers can also be added to increase corrosion resistance and/or modify frictional properties. Final black color can range from matte to a semi-gloss and is often iridescent. You may see a degree of shadowing on the zinc black flat washers which is a result of nesting of product during bulk application. Color variation can prompt questions about coverage although the parts are plated. Thickness variation may be a little less in shadowed areas. It is also common to have variation on edges and thread crests. Typical thickness at 5µm - 12µm minimum creates concern with 3A thread tolerance. In accordance with ASTM F1941/F1941M and ISO 4042 standards, corrosion resistance of zinc black hex is not recognized at 3 or 5µm Zinc Flake Black Zinc flake can be moderate to high cost depending on the desired performance. The typical bulk application process involves the use of acid or alkaline wash and/ or mechanical cleaning followed by zinc flake basecoat/ topcoat application in 2-4 coats. These coatings can be applied using bulk, rack dip/spin and rack spray application. Topcoats (and the number of applied layers) commonly provide deeper black color as well as friction modification ranging as low as 0.08 CoF. Final appearance can range from matte to satin. Corrosion resistance is typically higher than the other finishes ranging from 240 to 1,000+ hours in NSS. The coating options are nonembrittling and typically regulatory compliant. Coating thickness variation is possible although automation in application technology provides controls to maintain desired thickness ranges. Drips and runs as well as recess fill are possible on complex geometries without tilt/tumble capabilities. It is important to know that the applicator base continues to do an excellent job controlling and minimizing the potential for these issues. With zinc flake black, parts may also exhibit show through from partto-part contact in the application process as well as post process handling which can be minimized by the use of a dark grey to black basecoat under a black topcoat. CONTINUED ON PAGE 151
FASTENER EXPERTS MENTOR GROUP DARLENE COLLIS: WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS FOR A BLACK FASTENER FINISH? from page 150 Zinc Nickel Black Electroplating As the highest cost option in this mix of finishes, the typical bulk application process includes cleaning, electrolytic zinc nickel application and drying. The Zinc nickel black application process provides consistent thickness across the part and an attractive glossier dark black appearance. It is important to note that this finish has a higher Vickers hardness than other finishes leaving products less susceptible to post process handling damage. Zinc nickel black offers about 10x the corrosion protection compared to standard zinc plating and performance of ~200 hours to white and 720+ hours to red at just 8µm (0.0003”) plating thickness. This finish also offers heat resistance as well as UV and outdoor weathering resistance. Although electroplated parts are susceptible to hydrogen embritlement, alkaline zinc nickel is a more permeable finish than standard zinc plating. Lubricating sealers are available that can provide a low and controlled K factor. The most notable down side to this finish is cost. In Summary These are just some of the common black fastener finishes that we work with daily. I hope this helps you find one that will meet your performance in application requirements! (Photo credits to Tim Vath, GM Solution Industries) FASTENER MENTOR EXPERTS GROUP
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SUMMER 2023

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