Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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15.27 to 15.29 Earthquake-resistantlowcosthousing prototypewith bamboo-reinforcedrammed earth walls,Guatemala 197815.30 to 15.32 Earthquake-resistantprototypebuilding, Alhué,Chile, 200115.27 15.2815.29142Earthquake-resistant building
15.3115.30OSB e = 9 mmBeam, pineOSB e = 9 mmLightweight loamPine e = 2"Ring beam Ø 5"Vertical reinforcement(coligüe) Ø 3", d = 60 cmRammed earthDamp-proofingFloorDamp-proofingSandFine gravelCoarse gravelScaleStoneGalvanized sheet metalWind barrierThermal insulation 100 mmVapour barrierNatural groundPost 5"Woodenreinforcement1 kg alum, 1 kg clayey soil and about40 litres of water.In 1998 the BRL developed another reinforcedrammed earth wall system that wasutilised for a low-cost housing project builtin cooperation with the University of Santiagode Chile in Alhué, Chile, in 2001 (see15.30 and 15.31). Here too, the idea was toseparate the roof from the wall system andto use U-shape and L-shape elements,which stabilise themselves by their shape.To obtain additional stability, they were reinforcedby vertical rods of coligüe (similar tobamboo), 3 to 5 cm in diameter. Wall elementswere also always separated by light,flexible elements, or by doors and windows.The lower parts of the windows and theparts above the doors were not built withsolid elements, but of light timber. Thegables were built in lightweight straw-loamstabilised by wooden elements, similar tothe wattle-and-daub system.Compacted earthStonesFooting (poor concrete)Reinforcement (coligüe)15.32143Earthquake-resistant building
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Building with Earth1Introduction
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Preface 7I The technology of earth
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PrefaceNext page Minaret ofthe Al-M
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1Introduction1.1 Storage rooms,temp
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1.41.51.4 Large Mosque,Djenne, Mali
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4 Loam is always reusableUnbaked lo
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(If the humidity were lowered from
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2The properties of earth as a build
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Tetrahedron withsilicon coreSand 0.
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2.8 Grain size distributionof test
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2.13 Swelling and shrinkagetest2.14
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Silty loam (1900 kg/m 3 ) (3)Clayey
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tion 2.27 shows the drying process
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Solid loam Lightweight loam2.31U-va
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2.32 Comparison ofindoor and outdoo
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2.39 Field test to derivethe bond s
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3.33.23.1 Mixing unit usedat the BR
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4 Improving the earth’s character
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As with concrete, the maximum water
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4.8This is easiest if the clay is a
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4.11P d t/m 31.831.80t’Su0.13 t/m
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blocks lie exposed to direct sun an
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4.20Straw Weight Compressive streng
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4.214.21 Setting of a lightweightst
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developed (see p. 56 in this chapte
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5.9 Electrical ram(Wacker)5.10 Pneu
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5.20Frame structure with rammed ear
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5.285.26PlasterSoil blocksThermal i
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6Working with earthen blocksIllustr
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6.7 to 6.9 Makingadobes in Ecuador6
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pressive strength with minimum shri
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Lightweight loam blocksSo-called li
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7 Large blocks and prefabricated pa
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Floor tilesPrefabricated tiles made
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8.58.6 Traditional wetloam construc
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8.128.8 Multi-storeyedhouses made u
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8.198.208.238.24Illustrations 8.19,
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8.28Wall typesDue to shrinkage of 3
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9.5 9.39.49.1 Traditional pithouse
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10 Tamped, poured or pumped lightwe
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en members were totally destroyed b
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10.1410.1610.1510.13 Pouring minera
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Loam-filled hollow blocksIn industr
Page 89 and 90: 10.3010.26 to 10.28 Makinga bathroo
Page 91 and 92: 11.411.1 Cutting jointswith the use
Page 93 and 94: Sprayed plasterIn 1984, the author
Page 95 and 96: 11.9 Sculptural earthwall11.10 Spra
Page 97 and 98: 12.112.1 µ-values ofwater-repellen
Page 99 and 100: 12.412.2 w-values of loamplasters w
Page 101 and 102: LimeSandFat-freecheeseLinseedoilCla
Page 103 and 104: • In order to decrease the curing
Page 105 and 106: 14 Designs of particular building e
Page 107 and 108: 14.5 14.614.4ing the indoor air tem
Page 109 and 110: 14.10 14.11A14.12B14.13ABCD14.14Ram
Page 111 and 112: 14.1714.1814.19spaces thus created
Page 113 and 114: 14.2514.21 Vertical sectionthrough
Page 115 and 116: 14.2914.30Earth block vaults and do
Page 117 and 118: 14.35 14.3614.34nents. The steeper
Page 119 and 120: 14.43 14.4414.4214.45and divided in
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Page 123 and 124: 14.54 14.55Afghan and Persian domes
Page 125 and 126: 14.6314.6214.6414.66 14.6514.67 14.
Page 127 and 128: 14.7414.75129Designs of building el
Page 129 and 130: 14.76Earthen storage wall in winter
Page 131 and 132: 14.80 Bedroom, privateresidence in
Page 133 and 134: 15 Earthquake-resistant building15.
Page 135 and 136: dangerousdangerousdangerous15.4safe
Page 137 and 138: A simple solution for stabilising r
Page 139: 15.2315.24Bamboo-reinforced rammed
Page 143 and 144: 15.3715.38Vaults15.3915.41145An imp
Page 145 and 146: 15.42 Manufacturingcustom-tailored
Page 147 and 148: II Built examplesAs shown by the ex
Page 149 and 150: 151Residences
Page 151 and 152: Residence cum office, Kassel,German
Page 155 and 156: Honey House at Moab, Utah, USAThis
Page 157 and 158: Three-family house, Stein on theRhi
Page 159 and 160: Residence, Turku, FinlandThe partly
Page 162: Residence at Des Montes,near Taos,
Page 165 and 166: Residence and office at BowenMounta
Page 173 and 174: 175Cultural, Educational and Sacral
Page 181 and 182: Mosque, Wabern, GermanyBeginning in
Page 185 and 186: Architects: Gluckman Mayner Archite
Page 187 and 188: Academic accommodationbuilding, Cha
Page 189 and 190: Youth Centre at Spandau, Berlin,Ger
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193Cultural, Educational and Sacral
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195Cultural, Educational and Sacral
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MeasuresPhysical valuesR- and U-val
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Turowski, R.: Entlastung der Rohsto
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Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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