Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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Loam-filled hosesA new technique, developed by the authorof this book, was used in 1992 for three residencesin Kassel, Germany. Though theoutward appearance of walls made by thistechnique is similar to those made with thetechnique for making stranglehm describedin chapter 8, the production, handling andlaying is quite different. With this technique,an elastic cotton hose is filled with a lightweightmineral loam mixture. The hose canbe filled either using a pump (see 10.23), orby hand through a funnel (see 10.24 and10.25). When the required length is reached,the hose is cut and the end is stretched andknotted. Owing to the reinforcement providedby the fabric, these loam-filled hoses canshaped easily without breaking, attractivesculptural patterns can be created (see10.28 and 10.30).After laying and some drying, the surfacecan be easily smoothed with a wet brush.In the wall shown in 10.31, hoses 70 cmin length are laid between vertical posts of4 x 4 cm turned at 45°, or triangular elementsfixed to the main posts of the endof the wall, shown in section in 10.29.As a rule, three to five layers can be stackedper day, but in order to increase this numbersome cement can be added to speed upthe drying process. Chapter 13, p. 106explains how these hoses can be used inorder to increase the thermal insulation ofwalls.10.2610.2710.28then be easily handled. Before being laidonto a wall, they are smoothed with thehands so that some loam oozes and formsa thin loam cover on the fabric. Whenstacked, these loam coverings stick together(10.26 and 10.27). Since these hoses can be10.2990Tamped lightweight loam
10.3010.26 to 10.28 Makinga bathroom wall fromlightweight loam-filledcotton hoses10.29 Horizontal sectionof a wall with loam-filledhoses10.30 Wall of wintergarden made from loamfilledhoses that act asheat storage and forhumidity balance10.31 Interior wall madefrom loam-filled hoses10.3191Tamped lightweight loam
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Building with Earth1Introduction
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Preface 7I The technology of earth
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PrefaceNext page Minaret ofthe Al-M
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1Introduction1.1 Storage rooms,temp
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1.41.51.4 Large Mosque,Djenne, Mali
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4 Loam is always reusableUnbaked lo
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(If the humidity were lowered from
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2The properties of earth as a build
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Tetrahedron withsilicon coreSand 0.
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2.8 Grain size distributionof test
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2.13 Swelling and shrinkagetest2.14
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Silty loam (1900 kg/m 3 ) (3)Clayey
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tion 2.27 shows the drying process
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Solid loam Lightweight loam2.31U-va
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2.32 Comparison ofindoor and outdoo
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2.39 Field test to derivethe bond s
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3.33.23.1 Mixing unit usedat the BR
Page 37 and 38: 4 Improving the earth’s character
Page 39 and 40: As with concrete, the maximum water
Page 41 and 42: 4.8This is easiest if the clay is a
Page 43 and 44: 4.11P d t/m 31.831.80t’Su0.13 t/m
Page 45 and 46: blocks lie exposed to direct sun an
Page 47 and 48: 4.20Straw Weight Compressive streng
Page 49 and 50: 4.214.21 Setting of a lightweightst
Page 51 and 52: developed (see p. 56 in this chapte
Page 53 and 54: 5.9 Electrical ram(Wacker)5.10 Pneu
Page 55 and 56: 5.20Frame structure with rammed ear
Page 57 and 58: 5.285.26PlasterSoil blocksThermal i
Page 59 and 60: 6Working with earthen blocksIllustr
Page 61 and 62: 6.7 to 6.9 Makingadobes in Ecuador6
Page 63 and 64: pressive strength with minimum shri
Page 65 and 66: Lightweight loam blocksSo-called li
Page 67 and 68: 7 Large blocks and prefabricated pa
Page 69 and 70: Floor tilesPrefabricated tiles made
Page 71 and 72: 8.58.6 Traditional wetloam construc
Page 73 and 74: 8.128.8 Multi-storeyedhouses made u
Page 75 and 76: 8.198.208.238.24Illustrations 8.19,
Page 77 and 78: 8.28Wall typesDue to shrinkage of 3
Page 79 and 80: 9.5 9.39.49.1 Traditional pithouse
Page 81 and 82: 10 Tamped, poured or pumped lightwe
Page 83 and 84: en members were totally destroyed b
Page 85 and 86: 10.1410.1610.1510.13 Pouring minera
Page 87: Loam-filled hollow blocksIn industr
Page 91 and 92: 11.411.1 Cutting jointswith the use
Page 93 and 94: Sprayed plasterIn 1984, the author
Page 95 and 96: 11.9 Sculptural earthwall11.10 Spra
Page 97 and 98: 12.112.1 µ-values ofwater-repellen
Page 99 and 100: 12.412.2 w-values of loamplasters w
Page 101 and 102: LimeSandFat-freecheeseLinseedoilCla
Page 103 and 104: • In order to decrease the curing
Page 105 and 106: 14 Designs of particular building e
Page 107 and 108: 14.5 14.614.4ing the indoor air tem
Page 109 and 110: 14.10 14.11A14.12B14.13ABCD14.14Ram
Page 111 and 112: 14.1714.1814.19spaces thus created
Page 113 and 114: 14.2514.21 Vertical sectionthrough
Page 115 and 116: 14.2914.30Earth block vaults and do
Page 117 and 118: 14.35 14.3614.34nents. The steeper
Page 119 and 120: 14.43 14.4414.4214.45and divided in
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Page 123 and 124: 14.54 14.55Afghan and Persian domes
Page 125 and 126: 14.6314.6214.6414.66 14.6514.67 14.
Page 127 and 128: 14.7414.75129Designs of building el
Page 129 and 130: 14.76Earthen storage wall in winter
Page 131 and 132: 14.80 Bedroom, privateresidence in
Page 133 and 134: 15 Earthquake-resistant building15.
Page 135 and 136: dangerousdangerousdangerous15.4safe
Page 137 and 138: A simple solution for stabilising r
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15.2315.24Bamboo-reinforced rammed
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15.3115.30OSB e = 9 mmBeam, pineOSB
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15.3715.38Vaults15.3915.41145An imp
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15.42 Manufacturingcustom-tailored
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II Built examplesAs shown by the ex
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151Residences
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Residence cum office, Kassel,German
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155Residences
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Honey House at Moab, Utah, USAThis
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Three-family house, Stein on theRhi
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Residence, Turku, FinlandThe partly
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Residence at Des Montes,near Taos,
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Residence and office at BowenMounta
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169Residences
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171Residences
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173Residences
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175Cultural, Educational and Sacral
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Mosque, Wabern, GermanyBeginning in
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Architects: Gluckman Mayner Archite
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Academic accommodationbuilding, Cha
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Youth Centre at Spandau, Berlin,Ger
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MeasuresPhysical valuesR- and U-val
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Turowski, R.: Entlastung der Rohsto
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Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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