Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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5.245.24 to 5.25 Church,Margaret River, Australia5.26 Framed structurewith rammed earthinfill (CEPED, Brazil)5.27 to 5.28 Hotel,Kooralbyn, Australia5.29 Horizontalsections of rammedlightweight loam wallswith inner or outerleaf of earth blocksacting as lost formwork5.30 Vertical sectionsof rammed earth wallswith lost formworkon both sides5.25PlasterLeightweightloamSoil blocksPlasterLeightweightloamSoil blocksPlasterLeightweightloam blocksRammed earthPlaster5.2958Rammed earthworks
5.285.26PlasterSoil blocksThermal insulationLightweight loamSoil blocksBricksLightweight loamThermal insulationMud plasterRammed earth domesProbably the first rammed earth dome wasbuilt by the BRL in Kassel, Germany, in1983 using a special technique developedby that laboratory. This consists of a rotatingslip form in which the earth is rammed(5.31, 5.32, 5.33).The thickness of the dome was 18 cm atthe bottom and 12 cm at the top. The walls,which form a hexagon on the inside, werealso made of rammed earth. In order totransfer the thrust from the dome to thefoundation, buttresses were integrated withthe walls. The shaping of the top of the buttressesas well as the windows was donewith a kitchen knife soon after the form-5.27work was dismantled. The formwork of thewall was custom-designed according to theplan of the dome, as seen in 5.31. The earthwas rammed into the formwork using avibrator, described on p. 55 in this chapter(see 5.12), and by hand.The dome formwork itself was so designedthat it could be lifted not just at the centre,course after course; it also had a guide thatautomatically adjusted the radius and inclinationof the formwork (5.33).DryingIt is seldom possible to say when a loamwall is dry, but the drying process is in anycase faster than those of masonry or concretewalls (see chapter 2, p. 28). Given drywarm weather and sufficient air movement,shrinkage stops after just a few days. Afterthree weeks, the wall feels completely dry,although water content is still slightly higherthan the equilibrium moisture content.PlasterThermal insulationLightweight loamLightweight loam boardMud plasterTimber panelsProtection layerThermal insulationLightweight loamGypsum board5.3059Rammed earthworks
Page 2 and 3:
Building with Earth1Introduction
Page 4 and 5:
Preface 7I The technology of earth
Page 6: PrefaceNext page Minaret ofthe Al-M
Page 9 and 10: 1Introduction1.1 Storage rooms,temp
Page 11 and 12: 1.41.51.4 Large Mosque,Djenne, Mali
Page 13 and 14: 4 Loam is always reusableUnbaked lo
Page 15 and 16: (If the humidity were lowered from
Page 17 and 18: 2The properties of earth as a build
Page 19 and 20: Tetrahedron withsilicon coreSand 0.
Page 21 and 22: 2.8 Grain size distributionof test
Page 23 and 24: 2.13 Swelling and shrinkagetest2.14
Page 25 and 26: Silty loam (1900 kg/m 3 ) (3)Clayey
Page 27 and 28: tion 2.27 shows the drying process
Page 29 and 30: Solid loam Lightweight loam2.31U-va
Page 31 and 32: 2.32 Comparison ofindoor and outdoo
Page 33 and 34: 2.39 Field test to derivethe bond s
Page 35 and 36: 3.33.23.1 Mixing unit usedat the BR
Page 37 and 38: 4 Improving the earth’s character
Page 39 and 40: As with concrete, the maximum water
Page 41 and 42: 4.8This is easiest if the clay is a
Page 43 and 44: 4.11P d t/m 31.831.80t’Su0.13 t/m
Page 45 and 46: blocks lie exposed to direct sun an
Page 47 and 48: 4.20Straw Weight Compressive streng
Page 49 and 50: 4.214.21 Setting of a lightweightst
Page 51 and 52: developed (see p. 56 in this chapte
Page 53 and 54: 5.9 Electrical ram(Wacker)5.10 Pneu
Page 55: 5.20Frame structure with rammed ear
Page 59 and 60: 6Working with earthen blocksIllustr
Page 61 and 62: 6.7 to 6.9 Makingadobes in Ecuador6
Page 63 and 64: pressive strength with minimum shri
Page 65 and 66: Lightweight loam blocksSo-called li
Page 67 and 68: 7 Large blocks and prefabricated pa
Page 69 and 70: Floor tilesPrefabricated tiles made
Page 71 and 72: 8.58.6 Traditional wetloam construc
Page 73 and 74: 8.128.8 Multi-storeyedhouses made u
Page 75 and 76: 8.198.208.238.24Illustrations 8.19,
Page 77 and 78: 8.28Wall typesDue to shrinkage of 3
Page 79 and 80: 9.5 9.39.49.1 Traditional pithouse
Page 81 and 82: 10 Tamped, poured or pumped lightwe
Page 83 and 84: en members were totally destroyed b
Page 85 and 86: 10.1410.1610.1510.13 Pouring minera
Page 87 and 88: Loam-filled hollow blocksIn industr
Page 89 and 90: 10.3010.26 to 10.28 Makinga bathroo
Page 91 and 92: 11.411.1 Cutting jointswith the use
Page 93 and 94: Sprayed plasterIn 1984, the author
Page 95 and 96: 11.9 Sculptural earthwall11.10 Spra
Page 97 and 98: 12.112.1 µ-values ofwater-repellen
Page 99 and 100: 12.412.2 w-values of loamplasters w
Page 101 and 102: LimeSandFat-freecheeseLinseedoilCla
Page 103 and 104: • In order to decrease the curing
Page 105 and 106: 14 Designs of particular building e
Page 107 and 108:
14.5 14.614.4ing the indoor air tem
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14.10 14.11A14.12B14.13ABCD14.14Ram
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14.1714.1814.19spaces thus created
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14.2514.21 Vertical sectionthrough
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14.2914.30Earth block vaults and do
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14.35 14.3614.34nents. The steeper
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14.43 14.4414.4214.45and divided in
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Nr.12345678910111213141516171819202
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14.54 14.55Afghan and Persian domes
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14.6314.6214.6414.66 14.6514.67 14.
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14.7414.75129Designs of building el
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14.76Earthen storage wall in winter
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14.80 Bedroom, privateresidence in
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15 Earthquake-resistant building15.
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dangerousdangerousdangerous15.4safe
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A simple solution for stabilising r
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15.2315.24Bamboo-reinforced rammed
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15.3115.30OSB e = 9 mmBeam, pineOSB
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15.3715.38Vaults15.3915.41145An imp
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15.42 Manufacturingcustom-tailored
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II Built examplesAs shown by the ex
Page 149 and 150:
151Residences
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Residence cum office, Kassel,German
Page 153 and 154:
155Residences
Page 155 and 156:
Honey House at Moab, Utah, USAThis
Page 157 and 158:
Three-family house, Stein on theRhi
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Residence, Turku, FinlandThe partly
Page 162:
Residence at Des Montes,near Taos,
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Residence and office at BowenMounta
Page 167 and 168:
169Residences
Page 169 and 170:
171Residences
Page 171 and 172:
173Residences
Page 173 and 174:
175Cultural, Educational and Sacral
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Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
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Mosque, Wabern, GermanyBeginning in
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Architects: Gluckman Mayner Archite
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Academic accommodationbuilding, Cha
Page 189 and 190:
Youth Centre at Spandau, Berlin,Ger
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Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
MeasuresPhysical valuesR- and U-val
Page 197 and 198:
Turowski, R.: Entlastung der Rohsto
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Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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