Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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Australia, France, Scandinavia and otherEuropean countries. Most historic walls ofthis kind were load-bearing. Nowadaysmainly timber skeleton structures are usedwhich are filled or surrounded by strawbales. The simplest method for coveringsuch walls is to use loam plaster. Tocreate a good bond and rigidity a chickenwire or plastic net has to be fixed to thebales before plastering. This can be donemanually or by spraying with guns.Illustration 11.10 shows the plastering of astraw surface with a spraying gun, 11.11the gathered texture and 11.12 the interiorsurface of a straw bale dome, with lampsintegrated into the wall. For additional informationon such structures, see Minke andMahlke, 2004.Wet formed plasterAs loam plaster retains its plastic state for along time and is not corrosive to the handslike lime or cement plasters, it is an idealmaterial for moulding with the hands.Illustration 11.9 shows an example of anexterior loam wall stabilised by a limecaseinfinish.Protection of cornersAs loam plaster is susceptible to mechanicalimpact, corners should preferably becovered by wooden profiles, baked bricksor similar lippings (11.13).11.996Loam plasters
11.9 Sculptural earthwall11.10 Spraying ofearth plaster to strawbale wall11.11 Smoothenedsurface after spraying11.12 Plastered strawbale dome with integratedlamps, Forstmehren,Germany11.13 Protection ofearth wall corners11.13 11.1211.10 11.1197Loam plasters
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Building with Earth1Introduction
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Preface 7I The technology of earth
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PrefaceNext page Minaret ofthe Al-M
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1Introduction1.1 Storage rooms,temp
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1.41.51.4 Large Mosque,Djenne, Mali
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4 Loam is always reusableUnbaked lo
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(If the humidity were lowered from
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2The properties of earth as a build
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Tetrahedron withsilicon coreSand 0.
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2.8 Grain size distributionof test
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2.13 Swelling and shrinkagetest2.14
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Silty loam (1900 kg/m 3 ) (3)Clayey
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tion 2.27 shows the drying process
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Solid loam Lightweight loam2.31U-va
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2.32 Comparison ofindoor and outdoo
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2.39 Field test to derivethe bond s
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3.33.23.1 Mixing unit usedat the BR
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4 Improving the earth’s character
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As with concrete, the maximum water
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4.8This is easiest if the clay is a
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Page 45 and 46: blocks lie exposed to direct sun an
Page 47 and 48: 4.20Straw Weight Compressive streng
Page 49 and 50: 4.214.21 Setting of a lightweightst
Page 51 and 52: developed (see p. 56 in this chapte
Page 53 and 54: 5.9 Electrical ram(Wacker)5.10 Pneu
Page 55 and 56: 5.20Frame structure with rammed ear
Page 57 and 58: 5.285.26PlasterSoil blocksThermal i
Page 59 and 60: 6Working with earthen blocksIllustr
Page 61 and 62: 6.7 to 6.9 Makingadobes in Ecuador6
Page 63 and 64: pressive strength with minimum shri
Page 65 and 66: Lightweight loam blocksSo-called li
Page 67 and 68: 7 Large blocks and prefabricated pa
Page 69 and 70: Floor tilesPrefabricated tiles made
Page 71 and 72: 8.58.6 Traditional wetloam construc
Page 73 and 74: 8.128.8 Multi-storeyedhouses made u
Page 75 and 76: 8.198.208.238.24Illustrations 8.19,
Page 77 and 78: 8.28Wall typesDue to shrinkage of 3
Page 79 and 80: 9.5 9.39.49.1 Traditional pithouse
Page 81 and 82: 10 Tamped, poured or pumped lightwe
Page 83 and 84: en members were totally destroyed b
Page 85 and 86: 10.1410.1610.1510.13 Pouring minera
Page 87 and 88: Loam-filled hollow blocksIn industr
Page 89 and 90: 10.3010.26 to 10.28 Makinga bathroo
Page 91 and 92: 11.411.1 Cutting jointswith the use
Page 93: Sprayed plasterIn 1984, the author
Page 97 and 98: 12.112.1 µ-values ofwater-repellen
Page 99 and 100: 12.412.2 w-values of loamplasters w
Page 101 and 102: LimeSandFat-freecheeseLinseedoilCla
Page 103 and 104: • In order to decrease the curing
Page 105 and 106: 14 Designs of particular building e
Page 107 and 108: 14.5 14.614.4ing the indoor air tem
Page 109 and 110: 14.10 14.11A14.12B14.13ABCD14.14Ram
Page 111 and 112: 14.1714.1814.19spaces thus created
Page 113 and 114: 14.2514.21 Vertical sectionthrough
Page 115 and 116: 14.2914.30Earth block vaults and do
Page 117 and 118: 14.35 14.3614.34nents. The steeper
Page 119 and 120: 14.43 14.4414.4214.45and divided in
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Page 123 and 124: 14.54 14.55Afghan and Persian domes
Page 125 and 126: 14.6314.6214.6414.66 14.6514.67 14.
Page 127 and 128: 14.7414.75129Designs of building el
Page 129 and 130: 14.76Earthen storage wall in winter
Page 131 and 132: 14.80 Bedroom, privateresidence in
Page 133 and 134: 15 Earthquake-resistant building15.
Page 135 and 136: dangerousdangerousdangerous15.4safe
Page 137 and 138: A simple solution for stabilising r
Page 139 and 140: 15.2315.24Bamboo-reinforced rammed
Page 141 and 142: 15.3115.30OSB e = 9 mmBeam, pineOSB
Page 143 and 144: 15.3715.38Vaults15.3915.41145An imp
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15.42 Manufacturingcustom-tailored
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II Built examplesAs shown by the ex
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151Residences
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Residence cum office, Kassel,German
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155Residences
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Honey House at Moab, Utah, USAThis
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Three-family house, Stein on theRhi
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Residence, Turku, FinlandThe partly
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Residence at Des Montes,near Taos,
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Residence and office at BowenMounta
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169Residences
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171Residences
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173Residences
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175Cultural, Educational and Sacral
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Mosque, Wabern, GermanyBeginning in
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Architects: Gluckman Mayner Archite
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Academic accommodationbuilding, Cha
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Youth Centre at Spandau, Berlin,Ger
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MeasuresPhysical valuesR- and U-val
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Turowski, R.: Entlastung der Rohsto
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Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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