Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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Residence, La Paz, BoliviaThe residence is situated at the edge ofBolivia’s capital at a height of 3700 mabove sea level. It is built of handmadeadobes and consists of three crossing vaults.The vaults have thicknesses of 30 cm andgive a positive time lag for sun radiation.This means that solar radiation enters therooms in the evening and at night whenoutdoor temperatures are low. The vaultsare plastered with an earth plaster, whichis covered by an elastic acrylic paint toprovide shelter against rain.Architect: Raul Sandoval, La Paz, BoliviaCompletion: 1999Area: 84 m 2BedroomLiving roomBedroomKitchenDining roomBathroomEntrance160Built examples
Residence, Turku, FinlandThe partly two-storey-high building standsat the border of the city and accommodatesa family of five. The structural system of thewalls is provided by a timber skeleton. Theexterior walls are formed by 40-cm-thickprefabricated cubes composed of a mixtureof clayey soil and straw. Their specific weightis 450 kg/m 2 . These blocks are coveredeither by timber planks or lime plaster. TheU-value of the walls is 0.28 W/m 2 K.Architect: Teuvo Ranki, Turku, FinlandCompletion: 1999Area: 127 m 2SaunaStorageKitchenWinter gardenUtility roomLiving roomChildrenTerraceChildCarportBedroom161Residences
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Building with Earth1Introduction
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Preface 7I The technology of earth
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PrefaceNext page Minaret ofthe Al-M
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1Introduction1.1 Storage rooms,temp
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1.41.51.4 Large Mosque,Djenne, Mali
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4 Loam is always reusableUnbaked lo
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(If the humidity were lowered from
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2The properties of earth as a build
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Tetrahedron withsilicon coreSand 0.
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2.8 Grain size distributionof test
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2.13 Swelling and shrinkagetest2.14
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Silty loam (1900 kg/m 3 ) (3)Clayey
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tion 2.27 shows the drying process
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Solid loam Lightweight loam2.31U-va
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2.32 Comparison ofindoor and outdoo
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2.39 Field test to derivethe bond s
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3.33.23.1 Mixing unit usedat the BR
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4 Improving the earth’s character
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As with concrete, the maximum water
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4.8This is easiest if the clay is a
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4.11P d t/m 31.831.80t’Su0.13 t/m
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blocks lie exposed to direct sun an
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4.20Straw Weight Compressive streng
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4.214.21 Setting of a lightweightst
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developed (see p. 56 in this chapte
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5.9 Electrical ram(Wacker)5.10 Pneu
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5.20Frame structure with rammed ear
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5.285.26PlasterSoil blocksThermal i
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6Working with earthen blocksIllustr
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6.7 to 6.9 Makingadobes in Ecuador6
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pressive strength with minimum shri
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Lightweight loam blocksSo-called li
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7 Large blocks and prefabricated pa
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Floor tilesPrefabricated tiles made
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8.58.6 Traditional wetloam construc
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8.128.8 Multi-storeyedhouses made u
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8.198.208.238.24Illustrations 8.19,
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8.28Wall typesDue to shrinkage of 3
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9.5 9.39.49.1 Traditional pithouse
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10 Tamped, poured or pumped lightwe
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en members were totally destroyed b
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10.1410.1610.1510.13 Pouring minera
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Loam-filled hollow blocksIn industr
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10.3010.26 to 10.28 Makinga bathroo
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11.411.1 Cutting jointswith the use
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Sprayed plasterIn 1984, the author
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11.9 Sculptural earthwall11.10 Spra
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12.112.1 µ-values ofwater-repellen
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12.412.2 w-values of loamplasters w
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LimeSandFat-freecheeseLinseedoilCla
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• In order to decrease the curing
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14 Designs of particular building e
Page 107 and 108: 14.5 14.614.4ing the indoor air tem
Page 109 and 110: 14.10 14.11A14.12B14.13ABCD14.14Ram
Page 111 and 112: 14.1714.1814.19spaces thus created
Page 113 and 114: 14.2514.21 Vertical sectionthrough
Page 115 and 116: 14.2914.30Earth block vaults and do
Page 117 and 118: 14.35 14.3614.34nents. The steeper
Page 119 and 120: 14.43 14.4414.4214.45and divided in
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Page 123 and 124: 14.54 14.55Afghan and Persian domes
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Page 127 and 128: 14.7414.75129Designs of building el
Page 129 and 130: 14.76Earthen storage wall in winter
Page 131 and 132: 14.80 Bedroom, privateresidence in
Page 133 and 134: 15 Earthquake-resistant building15.
Page 135 and 136: dangerousdangerousdangerous15.4safe
Page 137 and 138: A simple solution for stabilising r
Page 139 and 140: 15.2315.24Bamboo-reinforced rammed
Page 141 and 142: 15.3115.30OSB e = 9 mmBeam, pineOSB
Page 143 and 144: 15.3715.38Vaults15.3915.41145An imp
Page 145 and 146: 15.42 Manufacturingcustom-tailored
Page 147 and 148: II Built examplesAs shown by the ex
Page 149 and 150: 151Residences
Page 151 and 152: Residence cum office, Kassel,German
Page 155 and 156: Honey House at Moab, Utah, USAThis
Page 157: Three-family house, Stein on theRhi
Page 162: Residence at Des Montes,near Taos,
Page 165 and 166: Residence and office at BowenMounta
Page 173 and 174: 175Cultural, Educational and Sacral
Page 181 and 182: Mosque, Wabern, GermanyBeginning in
Page 185 and 186: Architects: Gluckman Mayner Archite
Page 187 and 188: Academic accommodationbuilding, Cha
Page 189 and 190: Youth Centre at Spandau, Berlin,Ger
Page 195 and 196: MeasuresPhysical valuesR- and U-val
Page 197 and 198: Turowski, R.: Entlastung der Rohsto
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Building with earth - Gernot MINKE (1)

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