Effects of isochaborat testosterone on the kidney rats

Review of Literature
The anterior surface of the left kidney has the following relations: the highest
part of the superior pole is covered with the left suprarenal gland. The inferior portion
of the superior pole contacts with the peritoneum of the stomach medialy
and spleen lateraly (Brand et al., 2020).
Just inferior to the stomach and spleen impressions, where the left kidney
directly contacts with the pancreas. The lateral part of the inferior half is directly
associated with the left colic flexure and descending colon (Krebs et al., 2020).
The medial part of the inferior half and the inferior pole are contacted by the
peritoneum of the jejunum (Phillips et al., 2020).
1.1.4.Posterior surface relations
The posterior surfaces of both kidneys are related to certain neurovascular
structures and muscles which are subcostal artery, 11 th and 12 th ribs, subcostal,
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves, diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus lumborum and
transversus abdominis muscles (Ding et al., 2021).
The superior half of each kidney is covered by diaphragm, which is why the
kidneys move up and down during respiration (Li et al., 2020).
The muscular relations of the inferior half where the medial stripe represents the
impression of the psoas major muscle, the central represents the impression of the
quadratus lumborum muscle and the lateral represents the impression of the transversus
abdominis muscle (Shirk, 2020).
1.2.Internal anatomy
The parenchyma of the kidney consists of the outer renal cortex, and inner
renal medulla (Davies et al., 2020).
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