Effects of isochaborat testosterone on the kidney rats

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Review of LiteratureAAS exert their effects by activating androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Severalparts of the body are involved because of the presence of ARs in many tissues. Indeed,high dose AAS displace glucocorticoids from their receptors, decrease proteinsbreakdown in muscles, leading to an increase in muscle mass and muscle strength(Rejtharová et al., 2018).The inhibition of glucocorticoid action is also due to the stimulation of growthhormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis. High doses of AAS exertan antiestrogenic effect due to a down-regulation of androgen receptors and acompetition with estrogens with their receptors (Cai et al., 2019).In this regard, the beneficial effect of physical activity in diminishing oxidativestress as a consequence of the up regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Such data havealso been confirmed that investigated the effects of a supraphysiologicaladministration of testosterone enanthate (500 mg). In this study an impairment ofendothelial function as a consequence of the dysfunction of antioxidative capacityfollowing testosterone administration was demonstrated (Christou et al., 2019).Furthermore, oxidative stress plays a leading role in AAS mediatedneurotoxicity androgens may be neuroprotective in cases of low levels of oxidativestress, however, they may increase brain damage in cases of elevated oxidative stress(Christoffersen et al., 2019).AAS related damage is also associated with apoptosis activation. Indeed, it wasdemonstrated that supraphysiological concentrations of AAS may induceneurotoxicity by involving the apoptotic process and neurodegeneration (Aljubori,2019).Moreover, environmental and inflammation stress can lead to proteotoxicdamage and dysregulate heat shock proteins. In this regard, an activation of theextrinsic pathway of the apoptosis in the vascular smooth muscle cells in rats treatedwith testosterone was observed (Marocolo et al., 2019).19
Review of LiteratureFigure (10): Flowchart of positive and negative effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS)administration. Prolonged and high doses of testosterone and his derivatives lead to seriousconsequences in all body tissues and organs (Bazm et al., 2019).The results of a study demonstrated that the presence of AAS metabolites inurine may be a predictive factor of cardiac changes in AAS abusers. Oxidative stress,apoptosis, inflammation are responsible for multi-organ damage in AAS abusers (Fig.10) (Bazm et al., 2019).20
Page 1: Histopatholgical Effects of Testeos
Page 4 and 5: List of contentsAcknowledgements...
Page 6 and 7: List of FiguresFigure No. Title Pag
Page 8 and 9: IntroductionIntroductionIt has been
Page 10 and 11: Aim of the WorkAim of the workThe a
Page 12 and 13: Review of Literature1.Anatomy of hu
Page 14 and 15: Review of LiteratureFigure (2): Kid
Page 16 and 17: Review of LiteratureFigure (3): Int
Page 18 and 19: Review of Literaturearterioles to r
Page 20 and 21: Review of Literature3. Biochemistry
Page 22 and 23: Review of LiteratureFigure (6): Reg
Page 24 and 25: Review of LiteratureFigure (8): Che
Page 28 and 29: Review of LiteratureMoreover, testo
Page 30 and 31: Review of Literature5.2.Abuse of AA
Page 32 and 33: Review of LiteratureAutopsy plays a
Page 34 and 35: Review of Literaturethere were incr
Page 36 and 37: Review of LiteratureIt was demonstr
Page 38 and 39: Review of LiteratureFurthermore, du
Page 40 and 41: Review of LiteratureSalivary testos
Page 42 and 43: Materials and MethodsDuring the pre
Page 44 and 45: Materials and Methods1.6.Chemicals:
Page 46 and 47: Materials and Methodsno natural col
Page 48 and 49: Materials and Methods2.1. Fixation:
Page 50 and 51: Materials and Methods2.6.1.Preparat
Page 52 and 53: Materials and Methods2.9.1.Preparat
Page 54 and 55: Materials and Methods4. Digital mor
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methodsachieved autom
Page 58 and 59: Mean ± SDResults300250200226.2215.
Page 60 and 61: Histological structure of the kidne
Page 62 and 63: Results(Fig. 12): Light micrograph
Page 64 and 65: Group (II):Results(Treated with IM
Page 66 and 67: Results(Fig. 16): Transmission elec
Page 68 and 69: Group III:Results(Treated with (Sus
Page 70 and 71: Results(Fig. 20): Transmission elec
Page 72 and 73: Group IV:Results(Was treated with (
Page 74 and 75: ResultsBMM(Fig. 24): Transmission e
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DiscussionDiscussionIn recent years
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Discussioncreatinine, albumin….et
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Discussionassociation between the u
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Summary and conclusionSummary and c
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RecommendationsRecommendations1- At
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ReferencesAndersen S.B., Taghavi I.
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ReferencesChristiansen S., and Liok
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ReferencesHavnes, Innerdal I., and
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ReferencesMaly S., Janousek L., Seb
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ReferencesSalerno M., Cascio O., an
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ReferencesVilar Neto J.d.O., da Sil
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