Effects of isochaborat testosterone on the kidney rats

Review of Literature
According to a recent study, chronic AAS abuse should be considered when a
muscular man presents with hypogonadism, onset of gynecomastia (Pope et al.,
2021).
Hematologic Consequences
Before the introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin, AAS were used
in the treatment of anemials; indeed, AAS are capable of increasing erythropoietin
secretion. AAS abuse has been recurrently associated with an increased risk of
thrombosis (Hernández-Guerra et al., 2019).
However, the association has primarily been based on case reports. Increased
LDL and decreased HDL are linked to an increased cardiovascular risk. Mild, but
significant, increases in mean RBC s , hematocrit, Hg , and WBC s concentrations in 33
men were described after IM testosterone enanthate, 200 mg every 3 or 4 weeks for 24
weeks (Hill and Waring, 2019).
The influence of AAS on plasma concentration and function of coagulation
factors depends on the substance and the dose of the AAS (Sandvik et al., 2018).
A recent report suggested a possible correlation between AAS abuse and
immunodeficiency that may be related to a mimicking action of corticosteroid activity
(Harvey et al., 2022).
AAS and Cancer
The biochemical mechanism of AAS is similar to that of testosterone. AAS
bind to DNA sequences. In a recent review regarding androgen effects on cellular
functions, it was stated that a combination among genetic and epigenetic factors is the
cause of toxicity (Vilar Neto et al., 2021).
However, AAS related genotoxicity still remains unclear. Epigenetic molecular
mechanisms, which lead to a genetic transcription control, are: DNA methylation,
histone and chromatin (Chegeni et al., 2021).
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